Frankenstein and Bladerunner Table

IdeaFrankensteinContextBladerunnerContext Doppelganger, defining qualities of humans and monsters†¢Doppelgangers confront †¢Ambiguity of narrative: M not real unless F story verified > connection between the two (Gothic) †¢Quest for knowledge, revenge, masculinity, eloquence, love of nature: M: â€Å"The very winds whispered in soothing accents, and maternal nature bade me weep no more† and F: â€Å"my spirits were elevated by the enchanting appearance of nature† †¢Humanity vs. ambition †¢Solidarity vs. connection Blurring between the two – creativity, logic, beauty, abhorrence †¢Abomination as human > moral dilemma. Isolated, Laconian figure during monologue evokes pity. Rhetorical questions â€Å"Why should I pity man more than he pities me? Shall I respect man when he condemns me? † †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"the sun shone upon me as upon man†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢City vs. Country, industrial revolution †¢Gothicism – nature, horror, monsters within society †¢Science overthrowing God – still human? †¢Doppelgangers confront †¢Knowledge vs. instinct †¢Group vs. isolated genius †¢Deckard ‘becomes’ a replicant Replicants positioned as logical, responsive , intuitive, beautiful: Z: vitality; L: revenge, fear, brutality; P: Roy’s kiss, positioning of tongue, immature, instinctive, honest kiss with R in front of S; R: instinct, reason, curiosity, humour, understanding and acceptance †¢Z: public place: mash of culture with their hats on, no connection except murder and death †¢L: D’s doppelganger? R (empathy and connection to D) shoots him †¢P: death of abandoned toy: materialism killed her: laughing doll †¢R: renewal, baptism, dove, blue light sky, lasting connection to D†¢Impersonal information society †¢Migration – different cultures > globalisation Contraception†¢ Responsibility of creator and ethical responsibilitie s of scientists†¢F vs. M †¢Tacit deal – F made M so he is responsible for him †¢M = empathy, F = selfishness, ambition †¢V: greatest good for greatest number †¢Progress needs to be tempered by human empathy †¢Pride and ambition lead to suffering †¢Usurpation of God contradicts responders beliefs and highlight ethical breach â€Å"I should have been your Adam, but I am the fallen angel [Lucifer]† †¢F pleads for a mate. Foucaulian shift: M more human â€Å"You must create a mate for me†¦ I demand it as a right to which you must concede† > â€Å"You are my creator but I am you master – obey! †¢empiricism and modernism †¢scientific development and industrial revolution – no questioning of morals – pantheism †¢well received because of hierarchical society – F tells all levels to â€Å"seek happiness in tranquillity and avoid ambition† – confirmation of values†¢ Tyrell vs. Roy †¢Created seeks out creator – dopplegangers †¢Created more perfect than creator †¢Created still dependant though independent of creator †¢Ethereal vs. physical/ sensual †¢Creations ‘more human than human’ †¢Science and progress at detriment of humanity †¢Impersonal and personal connections Tyrell objectifies replicants: â€Å"she is an experiment, nothing more,† â€Å"you are the prodigal son†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Consumerism †¢Globalisation – transnationalism †¢Capitalism †¢Loss of identity through loss of culture †¢Mass migration †¢Technology as a part of life Criticism of genius†¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgenius’ > pride, ambition > downfall †¢Genius removes you from human connection > God complex †¢Progress must not give way to indulgence †¢M. objectified in the quest for scientific advancement †¢Superficiality of society and lack of concern for human suffering †Å"If you could precipitate me into one of those ice- rifts†¦ you would not call it murder. †¢F’s creation and pride is corruption of God’s work (storm) †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"the cup of life was poisoned forever, and although the sun shone upon me, as upon the happy and gay of heart, he saw around him noting but a dense and frightful darkness† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump†¦ entirely reduced to thin ribbons of wood† foreshadowing †¢Destruction of innocence and family – Elizabeth, Clerval, William†¢Scientists, philosophers and historians elevated to great levels of importance †¢Reactionaries to change †¢Man creating own destiny – Reformation Effects of industrial revolution – science at the cost of humanity – grave robbers †¢Setting: distinction between nature and human society, the sublime, Romanticism – Byron a nd Percy (criticism – applies both F and M to nature), comfort, science lab and university. †¢Questions pantheism and ‘casual’ science, galvanism†¢Being removed from being human > holding yourself above others > detriment †¢Instinct and logic is greater than intellect (more human) †¢Overcrowded, paradoxical city, C’s inhospitable lab, T’s Godlike palace, S’s dilapidated and pathetic home†¢Impersonal corporatism, mass media †¢Migration – take over of minority groups Archetypical evil genius – society moe used to impersonal figures of power The agony of isolation and the Outsider†¢Progress – isolation †¢Don’t take human connection for granted †¢Destruction of Bride: M’s last hope of connection destroyed (setting) lose hope †¢Humanity vs. M †¢M vs. F†¢Shelley affair > socially shunned †¢Prejudice when revealed she was author (young, 19yo woman)â⠂¬ ¢Genius > isolation †¢Knowledge = power †¢Safety in numbers†¢Tough military life, searching for stability, wanting what’s impossible †¢Impersonal corporate worlds

Preventative methods of animal cruelty Essay

Purpose By the end of this speech the audience will be able to know the proper preventative methods of animal cruelty, I also want my audience to know that animal cruelty is wrong and it shouldn’t be tolerated in any form. Introduction How many of you have pets? And how many of you would do anything for them? As seen in a recent study (according to animalcrueltyfacts.net in the year of 2011) 13% of intentional animal abuse cases involve domestic violence, also between 25% and 40% of battered women are unable to escape abusive situations because they worry about what will happen to their pets or livestock if they leave. In saying this animal abuse goes hand in hand with domestic abuse. Animal abuse is similar to domestic abuse because they both have the ability for the batterers to show the power and control that they have over their victims. (animalcruelty.net) Previous research indicates that batterers often threaten or harm pets in order to intimidate and control their female partners. Transition/first point: different types of abuse whether Animal abuse can be either passive or active. (animalcrueltyfact.org) When a person omits responsibility towards an animal is an example of passive abuse, while active abuse requires inflicting pain such as choking. This can be brought back to the comparison of animal abuse and domestic abuse, an example of passive abuse in regards to domestic abuse can be name calling swearing or making the victim feel little or like they don’t exist. An example of active abuse is physical violence such as hitting a spouse. Transition/ Second point: Animals have personalities and feelings like humans Darwin once stated â€Å"emotions exist in non-human animals, and his evolutionary theory suggests that behavioral traits, including personality, can evolve in just the same way as fins, wings and arms,† he said. â€Å"We should realize that studying the personality of animals could help us understand a lot about human personality.† (utexas.edu) Although many people don’t believe it animals have feelings just like humans. They can feel pain and go through emotional distress. When an animal is mistreated and being abused they feel the same pain a person would if they were in the same situation. Transition/ Third point: Laws that can be passed or that are passed already Laws are passed in all 50 states that prevent abuse towards both animals and humans. Anti-cruelty laws exist in all U.S states and territories to prohibit unnecessary killing, mutilating, torturing, beating, neglecting the abandonment of animals or depriving them of proper food, water or shelter. (americanhumane.org) But these laws will never be enough. If you are in a situation in which you are confronted with animal or domestic abuse call your local police department or anyone that can help your specific situation. Conclusion I will conclude my speech by saying that animal abuse, domestic abuse, or that any kind of abuse is wrong. Animals are innocent creatures that do not have a voice of their own so why should they be mistreated? They are suffering in silence because they don’t have a voice. People need to come to the realization that animals need and deserve as much respect as any other creature, and until people start speaking up about cruelty towards animals or humans they will never be free of the cruel acts that are imprisoning them. Works cited * Jennifer , Robbins. â€Å"domestic violence and animal abuse .† Texas journal of women and law . 2006: 129-146. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. . * www.animalcruelty.net * emily , suthertin. â€Å"Animal cruelty:facts,prevention,statistics,and action .† now public. N.p., 2012. Web. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. . * Faver, Catherine A, and alonzo

Business Studies

What does the nature of business mean ? Usually, when filling out some kind of form, nature of business refers to the type or general category of business or commerce you are describing. For example, if you worked at McDonalds, the nature of your business is food services. Nature of Business means what type of business your are doing? like Wholesale, Retail or Service, Manufacturing, Marketing, etc. If you want more specific, then HBA wholesale, Car Service, Furniture manufacturing, health Drinks Marketing, etc. The nature of business, means what exactly your business is doing and what is the service/product you are offering. For example the nature of Walmart as a business is Retail and the nature of Microsoft is Software. Internal and External Influences on businesses The external environment includes those factors over which the business has little control, such as government policy, technology, economic conditions and social attitudes. The internal environment includes these factors over which the business has some degree of control, such as products, location, resources, management and business culture. External Influences on business  ·Economic  ·Financial  ·Markets  ·Competitive siuation Technological  ·Institutional  ·Political  ·Legal  ·Social  ·Geographic If you had a shop and everyone decided to go to another shop that would be an econmic disaster! If this continues for a month then the business would close, employees would be laid off, and landlords and suppliers will not be paid. Charasteristics of boom perios Higer lever of employment -Inflation may increase The level of spending by consumers increases as they have more confidence in the economy Characteristics of recessi on period Unemployment levels rise Inflation may remain stable or fall Wages are less likely to rise as employers The level of spending usually decreases Internal influences on Business Product The types of good and services will affect the internal operations of a business, The product influence and the size of the business -Location -A good location is an asset and will lead to high levels of sales and profits and a bad location is a liability that adversely affects sales and products  ·Location Factors Visibility, promixity to customers, promixity to suppliers and promiximity to support devices -Management- Resource management -Business culture Failure to SME failure  ·Failure to plan  ·lack of information  ·leaderhsip skills  ·inaccurate record keeping  ·new taxes  ·not enough sales  ·economic turndown  ·staff difficulties Success to SMEs  ·Entrepemtual abilities

Possible Effects of Budget Preparation on the Behavior of Laundry Essay

Possible Effects of Budget Preparation on the Behavior of Laundry Supervisor - Essay Example This research will begin with the possible effects of budget preparation on the behavior of laundry supervisor. Budgets fall under the category of responsibility accounting. The reason they are given this name is because laundry supervisor can be given enough discretion to manage her own department and at the same time she will be questioned on any results that were below the budgeted performance. It helps the higher level management is focus on their core competencies and organizational planning, setting up strategic goals and looking after other more important aspects of the business by giving the duty of performing day to day budget of one department within the organization to its supervisor. This is a motivational thing for the department supervisor as well. She will try to beat her own budget and achieve better performance if the budget achievement is linked with performance rewards. The current budget preparation process has certain big flaws. First of all since people closer t o the action were not consulted before making the budget, a lot of useful information would have been omitted from the budget preparation process. This is particularly bad as the supervisors might not be able to achieve their targets because the budget was not realistic and all blame will fall on the supervisors. Similarly, it will be impossible to link the laundry function of the organization with other functions. This will create negative synergy or less result from more effort. Certain functions of the laundry department and costs of laundry departments are linked with the results or decision taken by other departments. For example, it is the nursing department that decides on how frequently it will change the bedding of the patient. If they decide to change the bedding daily, whereas the budget was prepared keeping in mind that the bedding will be changed not before three days, then the costs of the laundry department will rise. If no alteration is made to the original or planne d budget than laundry supervisors will not even try to achieve the budget and their negative feelings towards the organizations will be reflected and translated to the entire organization. This will result in the performance decrease in the entire organization. Any variation in the budget should be investigated only when it is material to investigate the scenario. For example, a lowly amount of $10, even if the change is more than 5% should not be undertaken because the entire investigation process would further waste the resources of greater than $10. Hence, lowly amounts are not worth investigation and only those amounts which are large enough to contribute to the organizational saving should be investigated. In other words variances should only be investigated if the cost of doing research is less than the benefits obtained from the investigation. The current process of budget preparation is that each department has to look after the

Commodity chains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Commodity chains - Essay Example Production and demand of shoes by consumers are the two main elements focused by companies in the industry. The production factors that include land, capital and labor influence the manufacturing of these commodities. Before globalization, many companies were unable to take advantage of cheaper investment and labor costs in other countries. Luckily, it has now become a norm for shoe companies to invest in other countries due to trade agreements and economic integration. The materials utilized in making of shoes poses a threat to the environment as production is characterized by use of energy, chemical, greenhouse gas discharge, water and solid waste. In the past ten years, however, the company has strived at utilizing environmental friendly alternatives to various resources that are incorporated in the production of shoes, such as cotton, leather, polyester and rubber. This has significantly reduced environmental implications of the materials (Michie 268). The production of footwear is handled by contract factories situated in various countries notably in Asia due to the available raw materials and low production cost. The production of shoes is conducted in two stages as the primary level involves the extraction of raw materials vital in the production process. A pair of shoes incorporates various materials including rubber, leather, plastics, adhesives and conventional cotton. In the production process, some of the raw materials come from close proximity with the firm or from other countries. This is because the raw materials including cotton and rubber are often imported from counties oversees. Leather is a product of farm animals, as rawhide is purchased by companies from farmers and is eventually transformed into leather that is vital in the production of shoes (Michie 268). Many companies own facilities in Indonesia, Thailand and Netherlands where the production of leather is

Early medieval history of Ireland Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Early medieval history of Ireland - Term Paper Example Due to the relative isolation of Ireland by water, this magical land has been able to keep many of its medieval treasures intact, unlike most parts of Western Europe. With the fall of the Roman Empire, much of Western Europe lost its scholarship as Christianity tended to withdraw into its own sanctuaries. The medieval church in Ireland was powerful and brilliant. Splendid reminders of early Irish Christianity can be found in the stone, high crosses that melded the country's pagan roots with the newly imported faith. Unfortunately, not much can be said about pre-Christian era in Ireland. What little is known of this period comes from a few references in Roman writings, Irish poetry and myth, and archaeology (Raftery, 2005:134).However, traditions have it that the earliest inhabitants of Ireland, people of a mid-Stone Age, or Mesolithic culture, arrived sometime after 8000 BC, when the climate had become more hospitable following the retreat of the polar icecaps. At this time, settleme nts of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers have been found at about half a dozen sites scattered throughout the country: Mount Sandel in County Londonderry (Coleraine); Woodpark in County Sligo; the Shannon estuary; Lough Boora in County Offaly; the Curran in County Antrim; and a number of locations in Munster. It is thought that these settlers first colonised the northeast of the country from Scotland. Although sea levels were still lower than they are today, Ireland was probably already an island by the time the first settlers arrived by boat

Issue of our times Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issue of our times - Essay Example Additionally, most landmines are cheap to construct and deploy right on the ground. The victim might not have any information regarding the existence of mines on the ground and so he or she might trigger it. According to Chevrier (134), the number of deaths caused by landmines is more as compared to statistics of deaths by other arms. The author argues that the combinations of statistics of deaths caused by biological, nuclear and chemical weapons are less compared to deaths as a result of landmines. Additionally, a research by the U.S. department reveals that close to 110 million landmines are deployed in 64 countries. As pointed out above, landmines pose a great danger to the society, and it also affects the economy of the country. The risks associated such as deaths and mutilation of the victims causes a lot of fear to the society. In this senses, large tracks of lands that could have been exploited for agricultural proposes remains unused. In addition, development projects such as road and dam constructions are halted by lands mine. The results can be devastating to the economy because agricultural farms and accessible roads provide jobs to a significant number of people. For example, Matthew et al. (196) point out that close to 8.49% of the Libyan land has been rendered useless because of a large number of landmines deployed in the land. Furthermore, funds that could have been invested somewhere to improve the economy will have to be use for the humanitarian purpose. Matthew et al. (196) explains that the problem caused by landmines differ from one state to another. Some countries could be hav ing large number of landmines, but their problem could be small. The point is that, setback of landmines is based on the square kilometer of arable land that could have been used to grow crops. Landmines could also be fixed in locations reserved for social amenities such as hospitals, bridge, water towers, sewage treatment plants, schools and

Unit 3 Case Mangaement Discussion Research Paper

Unit 3 Case Mangaement Discussion - Research Paper Example However such boundaries should not isolate or alienate the client, instead they should seek to foster a relationship based on mutual respect (Summers, 2011). Professional boundaries are an exemplary illustration of limits set primarily to protect clients. These boundaries place emphasis on case manager-client privilege protection, thus preventing the CM service provider from revealing confidential information about the client. Additionally, professional boundaries demarcate the extent of the relationship between a service provider and the client (Summers, 2011). Transference may occur when a client asks the service provider to interact with him/her socially beyond the professional environment. This occurs if the case manager reminds the client of someone special in their life. For instance, a depressed widow may get attracted to a male grief counsellor, especially if the latter has distinctive features reminding her of her late husband (Summers, 2011). A case manager of utmost competence must learn to accept transference when it occurs. This is because transference is neither good nor bad, since it is inevitable in CM relationships. Acceptance, however, does not imply that a case manager should submit to the client’s negative or positive feelings. Instead, a CM manager should strive to maintain professional boundaries (Summers,

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over Essay

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over the past three years, their impact on the USA Economy and how successful these Policies have been - Essay Example f a real-estate slump and related financial problems, there were predictions that margin squeeze from high energy prices or a dollar shock could be crucial factors tipping US growing economy into a downturn. With the global political situation ever changing, foreign policies fluctuation in split second, the economy has suffered too over the recent years. This paper describes the United States of America’s macroeconomic polices in the recent years and their impact on the people. We shall consider the past three years and look at how the changing economic policies changed business interests and how they impact the overall economic situation of the state. In 2006 U.S economy was still suffering from the effects that the hurricanes such as Katrina had on the U.S. economy and because of their reverberations in 2006. The health of the national economy was facing threat, due to the severe beating that the infrastructure took—most notably the infrastructure for energy. For the preceding year and a half, energy prices had surged worldwide. When the storms hit at the end of August, economic activity had been quite robust for several years, supported by monetary accommodation and strong productivity growth. Real GDP had grown steadily at, or above, its potential or long-run sustainable pace, which is estimated at around three and a quarter percent. This pattern continued even during the third quarter—immediately following the hurricanes—when real GDP grew by just over four percent. In the fourth quarter, growth did drop sharply to about 1 Â ½ percent. However, a good deal of this slowdown appears to have been due to sev eral temporary factors, none of which were related to the hurricanes. In 2006 the US economy was facing a great deal of un-certainty; the economy appears to be approaching a highly desirable glide path. First, real GDP growth currently appears to be quite strong, but there was good reason for it to slow to around its potential rate as the year

Cycle of Photon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cycle of Photon - Essay Example A photon exudes particle-wave duality, hence has both characteristics of both a particle and a wave. It is of negligible mass and does not have electric charge. It has double states of polarization and can be described by three arguments. These arguments are wave vector components, wavelength and direction in which it is propagated. A photon moves with the speed of light in empty space and its energy is affected by momentum and vector. A photon is among some of the rarest particles that are identical to their antiparticles, in this case, antiphoton. Photon is a generalised term used to explain the electromagnetic spectrum in the range of infrared (IR) radiation to visible light. Transition in the nucleus A photon is one particle that is able to transition in the nucleus of an atom. Though motion is limited in the nucleus, a photon is able to change from one position to another. It is at the nucleus that the energy of an atom is found. However, it is essential to note here that the fo rm of the photon is not changed even though its speed is very high owing to the high level of energy in the nucleus. It moves along with angular momentum that is not dependent on its frequency. The component measured along its direction of motion, herein referred to as helicity, and must be an integer of the planks constant, denoted as h. Circular polarization states of the photon are derived from the two helicities described above, either positive or negative of planks constant. Motion of a photon gives rise to energy being produced and hence law of conservation of momentum must come into play. Conservation of momentum with reference to a photon is also referred to as transitional invariance and requires that more than two photons are created having null momentum. A large sized photon has effects on the nucleus of an atom. Though said to be massless, its effects cannot be overlooked. A photon could alter Coulombs law and there would be extra degrees of freedom for electromagnetic f ields. Energy levels An atom has a varied number of energy levels also referred to as energy states. In each of these energy levels, electrons oscillate with vibrations and thus produce energy. The number of electrons in each energy level increases as the distance from the nucleus increases. The greater the distance, the higher the energy emitted. A photon is emitted when an electron happens to move from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. The wavelength of the photon is the same as the distance between the two energy levels. This photon emitted has energy and this directly proportional to frequency and Planks constant but inversely proportional to its wavelength. The energy emitted by a photon is not dependent much on its mass since its mass is almost negligible though it is known that all matter has mass and occupies space. However, it is imperative to note that photons exhibit the same behaviour regardless of the energy level they are emitted by the transiting electron s. They travel at the same velocity even if moving from high energy level to lower energy level and the velocity can vary in over ten orders of magnitude from the lowest energies of radio waves to the powerful waves of gamma radiation. Photons are usually depicted as packets that carry energy with them though the energy in the packets is discrete. If the photons are travelling as a beam, intensity of such a beam depends on the number of photons per second. Light is also described as

Timothy Egans ’The Good Rain Essay Example for Free

Timothy Egans ’The Good Rain Essay In this essay â€Å"The Good Rain: Across Time and Terrain in the Pacific Northwest† Timothy Egan begins his essay by introducing himself that he was born in Seattle and graduated from the University of Washington and he is the Pulitzer Prize. He views Seattle as a new and interesting city which has changed a lot in the last century. Declining hills, losing salmon stream, building new skyscrapers by month, and the forested edge of the city is deforested for new neighborhoods as well. No wonder he describes Seattle as â€Å"a city that can’t decide what to wear†(127). He also interprets Seattle by kayak, where people usually travelling by kayak in the old time then getting into Elliott Bay, a bay with six hundred feet of depth, on a hectic weekday morning that is overwhelmed with ship traffic and dwelled mostly by one species, a half-blind octopus that weight about three hundred pounds. In another view, Timothy Egan wants to invite readers to imagine from George Vancouver’s perspective who discovered and marked Puget Sound onto the map. He started his travel heading up the Pacific Coast and then to the south to an inland sea and an enormous volcano which is named Rainier. Before Puget Sound was discovered, Vancouver always thought that wild land was evil land, bad before it was civilized but Vancouver belief had changed by the time he found the garden of Puget Sound. Then, he wrote perhaps his most famous passage: â€Å"To describe the beauties of this region, will, on some future occasion, be a very grateful task to the pen of a skillful panegyrist. The serenity of the climate, the innumerable pleasing landscapes, and the abundant fertility that unassisted nature puts forth, require only to be enriched by the industry of man with villages, mansions, cottages and other buildings, to render it the most lovely country to be imagined.†(129). Egan also tells the reader about Sealth who was tall, tough and owned eight slaves and freed them at last. Similar to what Abraham had done for blacks in the South. Sealth had done so much to develop the city and it was named after Sealth as a reward and eventually the name had changed to the city of Seattle as we known today. Timothy Egan does a really great job when he is trying to make readers imagine the city of Seattle is based on the landscape of Seattle and the perspective of George Vancouver. He starts with a condition of the early generation that they mostly travel by kayak and the consistent changes of Seattle’s landscapes and then he ends up writing about a humorist Fran Lebowitz who said â€Å"why are they tearing it down† which shows his disappointment to people who harm the landscape by building new skyscrapers and deforesting the forest of the city. Otherwise, Seattle would be a really â€Å"cute† city. He also wants readers to have George Vancouver’s feeling about the city and he has done a pretty good job by providing strong supporting sentences in which written â€Å"to Vancouver and other British explorers, wild land was evil land, bad until proven civilized. That attitude changed when he came upon the garden of Puget Sound.† It makes the passage sounds more convincing the terrain is really fertile and wonderful. As it is not only Vancouver that agrees the terrain is fantastic but also the British explorers. In the conclusion, Egan likes the place very much and he is willing to share the beauty of Seattle to the readers and it works really well.

A Journal of Woe Essay Example for Free

A Journal of Woe Essay The pain was excruciating as I struggled to fight for my life under the pillow that my beloved husband had forced upon me. I remember how much it hurts as I tried to gasp for air beneath Othello’s powerful arms. I can recall those murderous eyes driven mad by jealousy and hate. For an instant, I failed to recognize the man I have fought to love. I cannot recognize that man I secretly married despite my father’s objections. For a moment, I failed to see the man who promised to love me for the rest of our lives. It all started that fateful night when Othello fired Michael Cassio from his lieutenant position. He accused me of sleeping with Cassio. The jealousy was probably most triggered when he felt that I was being too concerned with Cassio’s situation. He must have thought that my acts in favor of Cassio’s defense were signs of affection for him. He accused me of giving Cassio the handkerchief which was a gift from him. There is no way I would have given such a valuable gift to someone else! My love and affection is undividedly offered for Othello. It does not seek other men aside from him. My fidelity to my marriage and to my husband is pure and untainted. How could he even dare think of me with such immorality! However, it was too late to defend myself further, for the fire in his eyes was already consumed with too much evil to pay any heed to my cries. Yet, before death consumed what was left of my body, the image of the man I love came before my eyes. I forgive him. He is a victim and not a murderer. I know in his heart that he loves me still, and once this madness brought about by his jealousy ends, he would repent and ask for forgiveness. Or, he might end his life as well to follow me, so he can make it up to me personally—and I will be waiting on the other side.

Reception of photography

Reception of photography Using a broad range of critical, satirical, and photographic texts, assess the cultural reception of photography in the mid nineteenth century. The mid nineteenth century was a time of great technological advancement, and a more modern way of living came to be that bought with it significant cultural and social change. The industrial age was in full swing (as a consequence of the recent development of the steam engine), and photography was an exciting (but also intimidating) technology that caused incredible debate surrounds its status as an art form, and also the ethical and social issues its conception invoked. Although Daguerre/Fox Talbots Victorian audience were generally a receptive and willing one ready to embrace new and exciting technology (Goldberg 1991), there is significant evidence that shows a mixed cultural reception in regards to the emergence of early photographic processes. Wells (2004 p.12) states that: hailed as a great technological invention, photography immediately became the subject of debates concerning its aesthetic status and social uses Henisch (1994 pg.2) agrees stating intense controversies raged concerning its status and role in society. Photography had a huge impact on the Victorian society, and in 1839 artist Paul Delaroche is said to have claimed hysterically upon first seeing a daguerreotype photograph, from this day painting is dead. Japanese artist Renjio Shinoke also reportedly snapped his paintbrushes and become a pioneer of early Japanese photography (Eastman 1962). Whilst these examples are clearly overt exaggerations (almost to the point of satire) , they also highlight genuine fears and anxieties felt by artists (especially portrait) and critics alike, which stimulated and engaged the Victorian society in a plethora of debates surrounding the cultural, ethical and social impact the emergence of photography raised . The majority accepted its ability to record mechanically accurate images that are free of discrimination, but photographys status as an art form (or a creative medium) was much less certain , and something that was fiercely contested. Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867), a French Poet artist (and well known and very vocal critic of early photography) wrote: If photography is allowed to deputize for art, it will not be long before it has supplanted or corrupted art altogether (Baudelaire 1859 pg.297) Baudelaire suggests photography simply should not be allowed to supplant more traditional artistic methods, and to allow it do so would not only undermine, or negatively impact art, but corrupt it altogether. Baudelaire was not alone, as Goldberg (1991 pg.10) declares William Wordsworth shared in Baudelaires cynical view of photography, and in the 1840s penned a sonnet which declared the degradation of mans noblest attire', and expressed fears that a dumb art would lead his once-intellectual land back to the caves. Here Wordsworth is stipulating photographys potential to instigate the death of human intellect, and again, whilst such arguments are surely sensationalist, these declarations shows that not only was there an opposition to photographys ability to render art useless, but also a fear that its mechanical nature would dumb down society by removing a large part of the human aspect from the creative process. Both views show people believed (among what we can consider high artist s) that photography was a genuine threat to the fine arts of the time. Perhaps artists felt threatened by the technology? Threatened by its ability to so effortlessly paint reality, and ultimately achieve what they had been trying to do for long? Satirical publications in circulation in the mid nineteenth century, of which Punch magazine was the most popular, produced a number of cartoons highlighting these very issues. One such untitled illustration (1860 pg. 140) portrays a fashionable photographer forbidding smoking in his studio, as he declares himself not a common artist. Clearly an underhanded attack on the attitudes photographers took to their work which wasnt shared by their critics. Another satirical sketch, titled How the Famous Photographer Nadar Elevates Photography to the Level of Art show the French artist and photographer Fà ©lix Nadar taking to the sky in an air balloon, clutching a camera under his arm, physically lifting photography into the realms of high art. Su ch a picture of absurdity is surely meant to openly ridicule photography and its quest to be recognised as fine art. The latter picture serves a secondary purpose though, as Nadar was famous for his unsuccessful attempt to build a gigantic air balloon named Le Gà ©ant (or The Giant) around the same time as his photographic exploits. These are just two examples of many cartoons published around the mid nineteenth century that served to ridicule not only photographys quest for a higher status, but also many criticized the photographic studios and the rising popularity of carte de visite . In the photographic studios defence, famous photographic studio owner Richard Beard ran a series of advertisements for his business that served as much to promote his business as they did to promote photography as an art form. Close scrutiny of one of his earliest advertisements (Beard 1843) circulated in 1843 reveals the words Photography is indeed as grand a step in the fine arts as the steam engi ne was in the mechanical arts. This isnt to say everybody had difficulty accepting photography as true art, as many did indeed lament the skill that was required of a competent photographer, and the innate talent required to turn out a successful exposure. A Victorian periodical titled Once a Week published in 1862 states that To produce a good photograph, it requires a thoroughly artistic hand. Francious Argo (1930), when asked by the French government to assess the daguerreotypes successes concluded that M Daguerres wonderful discovery is an immense service rendered to art. This prompted the French government to subsidise Daguerre a pension of 6,000 francs for life, and his son 4,000 on the understanding they could use and adapt it for their own need (Goldberg 1991). Newell states that Argos memorandum mustnt be taken as a reflection of the attitudes of all artists to the new discovery. It appears that it was mainly established artists that held the biggest contempt for photograph y, and I believe not only suggests a fear for their livelihoods, but also a fear that the status of artist, usually reserved for a chosen few, would know be available to anyone with enough money to purchase a camera. It is difficult to truly gauge just how profoundly photography affected art in these early days, but it can be certain it was definitely believed at least possible by many that photography could be a form of artistic expression. as Goldberg (1981 pg.20) states photography and art have always been tangled, are tangled still. Millions of daguerreotype portrait photographs were taken in the 1840s and 1850s (to the dismay of photographys critics) as it began to supersede the more traditional painted portraitures. As Goldberg (1991 pg.12) states: After 1839 people who were not wealthy enough to commission portraits by a painter like Jean-Augusta-Dominique Ingres were no longer had to do with silhouettes and stiff pink renditions of their faces turned out by itinerant painters Portrait painters simply couldnt supply the demand necessary, and the affordability and fast turnaround of mainly studio based daguerreotype photographers (there were also the travelling carts) could offer was simply impossible to match. Photographic studios were the staple of early photography, the most famous of which were the Beard chain of studios (aptly ran by Richard Beard) which began opening in London in 1943. His studios were incredibly successful and lucrative business opportunity at the time, as the deal he made with Daguerre (who held the patent to his process) ensured his studios were the only ones in the UK throughout the early years of photography. Punch magazine (18 ran numerous satirical cartoons that highlighted what appears to be a clear distaste for the photographic studio. One cartoon named Step in, and be done sir! features a cat trying to lure a mouse into a photographic studio. More an echo of the society in which photography was operating, this piece could be looked at in a number of different ways. Perhaps the photographer being the cat (fat cat) and the enchanted lower/middle classes being the mice, echoing how the sitters are led into the studios under what could be considered false pretences in order to have their money relieved of them. Julia F Munro (2009 pg.167) states: George Dodd personified the by-then popular process of photography as the optical stranger, and as [s]trange, scientific, mournful, all at once. Such a figuration typifies the Victoria reaction to the uncanny qualities of the new technology. This statement was retrieved from an article entitled Busy with the photograph, published on April 29th 1854, and encapsulates the mixed reactions of the Victorian public towards early photography and more importantly the photographic studio. The idea of the optical stranger was one that was re-enforced by La Gazette de France in 1839, as they declared the invention of photography upsets all scientific theories of light and optics. The whole act of having ones picture taken was seen by many as a mysterious and bizarre concept, and the resulting exposures were often cited as too-real images (Munro 2009 p.168) and encouraged diverse reaction, ranging from that of excitement, to anxiety and fear, often leading to suggestions of magic (the transfiguration of the common photographer to the role of a magician or illusionist). Literature from the mid nineteenth century is rife with personal accounts of visits to local daguerreotype photographers studios and the wonders of photography. A le tter, published in the Times newspaper in 1852, where-by a middle aged man talks of his recent visit to a photography studio discusses how with a fluttering heart he approaches the mysterious apartment. He is of course simply referring to a typical early photographic studio setup, but these anxieties were very real for the everyday person. Another letter, written by a women this time, was published in the Times newspaper in 1854 describes the photographer disappearing into a mysterious closet and alludes to some hocus pocus being indulged in before he returns with the exposed plate. The photos were perceived as taking on a life of their own to a naive Victorian subject. The tone and lack of colour often provoked reactions of dismay, and many linked what were known as the dark mysterious chambers to execution houses (Munro 2009). The small stiff chairs (encouraging the sitter to sit upright), complete with leg clamps. Further controversy was sown by the nature of daguerreotype. Many referred the way a photograph could only be viewed in certain light, and as Munro (2009 pg.172) puts it seemingly wasnt to be seen one moment, only to burst into view the next. Being photographed and indeed even seeing a photograph were completely new and exotic experiences. For many Victorians, photography was too-real, and a large part of the fear was simply a natural reaction to the newness of the communicative medium, and novelty of a strange new and exotic process (Munro 2009 pg.169). The quoted realness of the photos could suggest a sense of fear relating to just how life like the photos were to a first time viewer, or suggest a much more deep routed fear related to magic and the unknown. It wasnt only the daguerreotype that achieved large scale success among the Victorian public. A large trade in what was known as carte de visite photographs soon came about after their circulation became widespread, as highlighted in the Victorian periodical Once a Week. Carte de visite photo graphs were small paper portrait photographs which usually originated from the albumen process (which allowed for paper based prints to be made from the negative, meaning it was a simple process to produce copies). Once a Week (1862 pg 135) states Literary men have a constant sale and their carte de visites were bought for every album. It becomes clear that collecting these small portrait photographs of the rich and famous was a popular pastime among the middle classes. It became so popular among the middle classes that it was often referred to as Cardomania (Once a Week 1862). We can clearly see that there was a need for photography, but these needs arose after its introduction and were not in place before its conception. There was certainly something about early photography which caused an anxiety in the general public, but also fascinated them enough to endure it (even embrace it). It is now widely accepted that photography wasnt truly discovered until 1839, as it was then that Daguerre and Fox Talbot made their discoveries of early photographic processes, the daguerreotype and calotype respectively, and shared them with the world. Goldberg (1991) agrees that it was much earlier when people began to realise a need and take interest in using light as a way of recording images, the need to preserve a moment accurately and without discrimination. Goldberg (1991 pg.10) goes on to state that desire was abroad to catch nature in a net, and that photography came to serve a much needed purpose, one that had been recognised much earlier that its first conception. Indeed as early as the late eighteenth century, devices such as the camera obscura (optical device used mainly to aid drawing) and camera lucida (a piece of technology which allowed artists the ability to precisely record contours of landscape) were rife, and captured the eye of professional and amateur artists alike. Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877), sometimes referred to as the Grandfather of Photography, was one of many people searching for an answer to the void that existed before the conception of photography, and was most interested in its ability to record nature accurately. Talbot states is his manual The Pencil of Nature (1844) that his photography should be thought of as photogenic drawing. Talbot (1844) goes on to say he pursued his development of the calotype photographic process mainly as a result of his poor ability as an artist. Lewis (1996 pg.16) states: The canon of images to which we are so attached reveals as much and perhaps more about the intervening century Talbots photography, The Open Door for instance, appears to serve very little artistic purpose, and could merely be interpreted as a mechanically accurate recording, something he was simply incapable of doing by hand. On the other it could be seen as an example of how photography could supplant the more traditional arts, an early example of the photographers ability to shape, to frame, and to manipulate reality how he saw fit. We may never know, as whilst we are able to appreciate early photographs, it is impossible to know the original context, how they were read, and indeed, what made them meaningful to the society of which they were a product. It is even more difficult to gauge the early intentions of photographic pioneers. Many widely believed that photography was going to bring a truth to society that had never been seen, its potential as a truth bearer, and an accurate recorder of history. Ernst Mach, an Austrian empiricist (ironically) stated How tranquil politics will be!, an d even the notorious critic Baudelaire (1859 pg. 297) stated photography could be considered a handmade of the arts and sciences although he goes on to say a very humble handmaid. Society became increasingly aware of its benefits as a scientific tool and embraced the possibilities this afforded with open arms: A new found purpose perhaps, a commitment to relating to truth? As Goldberg (1981 pg. 16) states: The engine was an extension of the muscle, the telegraph a superhuman voice, and the photograph an unblinking eye with a new outlook on history and knowledge Baudelaire (1859) also suggests photography was merely a sign of the times, showing that links were made between the mechanical nature of photography and societies rising industrial prowess and reliance on machines. The unstoppable rise of industry so to speak. Wells (2004) states a society will also invest and put time into developing new technologies in order to help satisfy previously unseen social needs, and goes on to summarise (2004 pg. 12) that photography was a consequence, and not a cause of culture. I believe that photography was not a cause of change, but an answer to an unforeseen social need brought about by the emerging modern metropolitan lifestyle. It has become clear to me that there certainly was a need for photography, and the Victorians were fascinated with it, whether they loved it or hated it. As Bede (1855) begins is his satirical book Photographic Pleasure with a metaphor comparing men and womens intrigue with photography to the same intrigue they hold for a h uman child: The ladies are enamoured of him: The gentlemen evince their affection by suggestions for his improvement, and by general attention to his welfare.All are fond of him: everyone is declaring that he is the most beautiful baby yet born to Science. It is entirely feasible that the reason it raised such widespread controversy, why it was so widely debated, and ultimately why it was so popular as an amateur hobby or leisure pursuit was simply because the technology was still in its infancy. It was still new, and fresh. Artists were fearful of photography , not only because their jobs were endangered, but also their status as artists. A profession usually only available to a truly gifted few now had the potential to be available to anyone. These critics only served to fuel the anxieties that were common place among the general public, but, despite this, the public did allow photography room to grow (albeit carefully, and with great caution and concern). It was a new technology which people needed time to come to terms with, time to understand, and time to flourish and co-exist peacefully with other more established art forms in the new, fast paced, and modern Victorian metropolitan lifestyle. Bibliography WELLZ, L. 2004. Photography: A critical introduction. Oxford: Routledge. CLARKE, G. 1997. The Photograph. Oxford: Oxford University Press. BAUDELAIRE, C. 1859. The Salon of 1859. Unknown. BRIGGS, A. 1998. A Victorian Portrait. London: Cassell Publishers Limited. GOLDBERG, V. 1991. The Power of Photography: How photographs changed our lives. New York: Abbeville Publishing Group. BEARD, R. 1843. Advertisement [Accessed 2rd December 2009]. Available from: http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/73604552/Hulton-Archive GOLDBERG, V. 1981. Photography in Print: Writings from 1816 to the present. New York: University of New Mexico Press GREEN-LEWIS, J. 1996. Framing the Victorians. New York: Cornell University Press. HEINZ, K. 1994. The Photographic Experience 1839-1914. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. MARIEN, M. 1997. Photography and its Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. MUNRO, J. F. July 2009 The Optical Stranger: Photographic anxieties in British periodical literature of the 1840s and 1850s. Journal of early popular visual culture 7(2) pp167-183. UNKNOWN. 1860 Punch magazine October 6th. p.140 UNKNOWN. 1861 Punch magazine June 1st pg.221 ARGO, F. 1930 Bulletin de la Socià ©tà © Fran?aise de Photographie NEWELL, B., and R. DOTY. 1962. The value of photography to the artist, 1839. The Bulletin of the George Eastman House of Photography [online]. 11 (6), [Accessed December 2nd 2009], pp. 25-40. Available From: http://image.eastmanhouse.org/files/GEH_1962_11_06.pdf Daumier, H. 1862. How the Famous Photographer Nadar Elevates Photography to the Level of Art [Accessed 3rd December 2009]. Available from: http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/463-5227 BEDE, C. 1855. Photographic Pleasures. London: T McLean. UNKNOWN. 1862 Once a Week. Unknown TALBOT, H. F. 1844. The Open Door [Accessed 4th December 2009]. Available from: http://cai.ucdavis.edu/waters-sites/aesthetic_movement/opendoorphoto.jpg BEARD, R. 1843. Advertisement [Accessed 2rd December 2009]. Available from: http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/73604552/Hulton-Archive Daumier, H. 1862. How the Famous Photographer Nadar Elevates Photography to the Level of Art [Accessed 3rd December 2009]. Available from: http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/463-5227 TALBOT, H. F. 1844. The Open Door [Accessed 4th December 2009]. Available from: http://cai.ucdavis.edu/waters-sites/aesthetic_movement/opendoorphoto.jpg

The role of Animals in The Unbearable Lightness of Being and Poems New

Since animals, usually pets, are sometimes an essential part of one’s life, it is not surprising that we find frequent references to its role in works of social realism, such as Wislawa Szymborska’s Poems New and Collected and Milan Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of Being. Animals in literature could be used to symbolize all sorts of things, but in particular, animals may represent the personality of a character. This is because as humans and animals co-exist in the same atmosphere, certain aspects of a character reveal themselves in the compassion or even hatred towards the animal. Since animals are often known to trigger the interests of humans, the attitude of the humans towards the animals contributes much to character revelation. Both Szymborska and Kundera use animals to symbolize character personality in their works. Therefore, through looking at animals, although it does seem to be a very commonplace topic, we may gain insight to what the writers are try ing to convey about the character. This paper will compare the ways the writers use animals to determine a character’s personality or characteristics. A recurring character in Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of being is Karenin, a dog saved from death by one of the novel’s protagonists, Tomas. He had wanted some sort of a distraction that would keep Tereza’s attention off him so that he could persist with his life that he believed he had control over: At last he made his choice: a bitch whose body seemed reminiscent of the German shepherd and whose head belonged to its Saint Bernard mother. He took it home to Tereza, who picked it up and pressed it to her breast. ¹ Through the novel, Karenin, the ‘ugly dog’ Tomas brings home for Tereza, develops a bond between Tereza, which grows throughout the novel. Tereza is portrayed as a ‘heavy’ individual with considerably heavy burdens on both her shoulders. One other burden Tereza carries is, essentially, Karenin. It takes the place of Tomas when Tereza is alone, therefore – Tereza is bound, with love, to it. Kundera shows here, how Karenin affects Tereza’s personality by being next to her and being a comfort to her at times when heaviness settles in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, with no baby between Tereza and Tomas’ marriage, Karenin acts as Tereza’s responsibility, both emotionally and financially. It seems that Tereza can make decisions only... ...tion by executing government opposition – an example how humanity acted in ‘other’ moral situations. The last chapter, ’Karenin’s Smile’, is counting up to Karenin’s death, while ‘between the lines’, Tereza and Tomas dies. Their death is outweighed by their dog’s death and its funeral. This shows how humanity seems to be condemned by their moral actions towards animals, the ‘test’ mentioned above.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way that the role of animals can be used as a literary effect is evident in both Kundera and Szymborska’s works. The two contrast eachother, Kundera suggests that the role of animals in his novel is that they become their owner’s peaceful character builder by having characters of their own. In Szymborska’s works, we see quite the opposite; she portrays the role of animals as people’s irritation, a vexation – where characters are rather barbaric and careless towards the animals. The two works show the same superiority of human over animals, yet the human attitudes towards them entirely dissimilar. We may perceive that the presence of animals, such delicate literary technique, determines the attitudes and personality of the characters of a literary work. The role of Animals in The Unbearable Lightness of Being and Poems New Since animals, usually pets, are sometimes an essential part of one’s life, it is not surprising that we find frequent references to its role in works of social realism, such as Wislawa Szymborska’s Poems New and Collected and Milan Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of Being. Animals in literature could be used to symbolize all sorts of things, but in particular, animals may represent the personality of a character. This is because as humans and animals co-exist in the same atmosphere, certain aspects of a character reveal themselves in the compassion or even hatred towards the animal. Since animals are often known to trigger the interests of humans, the attitude of the humans towards the animals contributes much to character revelation. Both Szymborska and Kundera use animals to symbolize character personality in their works. Therefore, through looking at animals, although it does seem to be a very commonplace topic, we may gain insight to what the writers are try ing to convey about the character. This paper will compare the ways the writers use animals to determine a character’s personality or characteristics. A recurring character in Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of being is Karenin, a dog saved from death by one of the novel’s protagonists, Tomas. He had wanted some sort of a distraction that would keep Tereza’s attention off him so that he could persist with his life that he believed he had control over: At last he made his choice: a bitch whose body seemed reminiscent of the German shepherd and whose head belonged to its Saint Bernard mother. He took it home to Tereza, who picked it up and pressed it to her breast. ¹ Through the novel, Karenin, the ‘ugly dog’ Tomas brings home for Tereza, develops a bond between Tereza, which grows throughout the novel. Tereza is portrayed as a ‘heavy’ individual with considerably heavy burdens on both her shoulders. One other burden Tereza carries is, essentially, Karenin. It takes the place of Tomas when Tereza is alone, therefore – Tereza is bound, with love, to it. Kundera shows here, how Karenin affects Tereza’s personality by being next to her and being a comfort to her at times when heaviness settles in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, with no baby between Tereza and Tomas’ marriage, Karenin acts as Tereza’s responsibility, both emotionally and financially. It seems that Tereza can make decisions only... ...tion by executing government opposition – an example how humanity acted in ‘other’ moral situations. The last chapter, ’Karenin’s Smile’, is counting up to Karenin’s death, while ‘between the lines’, Tereza and Tomas dies. Their death is outweighed by their dog’s death and its funeral. This shows how humanity seems to be condemned by their moral actions towards animals, the ‘test’ mentioned above.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way that the role of animals can be used as a literary effect is evident in both Kundera and Szymborska’s works. The two contrast eachother, Kundera suggests that the role of animals in his novel is that they become their owner’s peaceful character builder by having characters of their own. In Szymborska’s works, we see quite the opposite; she portrays the role of animals as people’s irritation, a vexation – where characters are rather barbaric and careless towards the animals. The two works show the same superiority of human over animals, yet the human attitudes towards them entirely dissimilar. We may perceive that the presence of animals, such delicate literary technique, determines the attitudes and personality of the characters of a literary work.

Emotional Branding Essay -- Marketing

Introduction The notion of branding as we have come to know it has evolved noticeably over the years as transformations within marketplace have opened up doors for innovative branding approaches and contributions,in addition to this one could arguably say that most of these changes can be attributed to a shift within the mindset of the consumer as the emergence of various segments and target markets has brought about a new set of demands and expectations when it comes to effectively creating and sustaining profitable relationships between a brand and its desired consumer . One cannot deny the fact the proceedings leading up to the present decade have played a role in the visible shift from an industrially driven economy to a one where the consumers are placed in the drivers seat. That being said the branding landscape has become increasingly competitive as new brands and products are being launched frequently thus making it difficult for brands to not only connect with consumers but to also distinguish what differentiates them. As a result brands are now left with the task of finding new methods of gaining favour amongst their desired consumers in order to create meaningful connections. â€Å"We are clearly dealing with a completely different set of values today than 5 years ago. Speed has replaced stability; intangible assets have become more valuable than tangible objects. The traditional supply and demand economic models are being completely revaluated.†(Gobà ©, 2001) In aid of this Author Kevin Roberts describes the journey from products to trademarks to consumers to brands a series of steps that have a profound effect on how businesses deal with consumers and how people deal with brands. In his book Lovemarks: The ... ... Bibliography : http://www.mikesaunders.com/2011/02/28/generation-y-in-south-africa-a-short-study/ Cook, G; Erwin, K; Carmody, P; Enslin, C (2010) How healthy is your brand?, in The Encyclopedia of Brands and Branding 2010, (pending publication) Gobe, M. 2001. Emotional branding : The new paradigm for connecting brands to people. New York: Allworth Press Howe, N; & Strauss, W (2007) â€Å"The Next Twenty Years: How Customer and Workforce Attitudes Will Evolve†. Harvard Business Review . July–August ed, p. 41-52. Roberts , K ( 2005 Lovemarks: The future of beyond brands Howe, Neil; Strauss, William 2000. Millennials Rising. New York: Vintage Books. http://thinking-brands.blogspot.com/2009/10/customer-based-brand-equity-model-cbbe.html Cyndi green glass http://www.dmsolutions.com/blog/get-emotional-about-your-branding/ March 14, 2012

To Autumn Essay -- Literary Analysis, John Keats

John Keats, an English Romantic poet, is considered one of the most beloved of all English poets. His work is known for sensuous descriptions of the beauty of nature and deep philosophic questions that it often brought up. This can be observed in his six odes written in 1819. The complexity and profundity behind the poems are the reason that they are considered to be among Keats greatest works, although the last ode composed in the sequence, â€Å"To Autumn† seems to stand out from the others. â€Å"To Autumn† is particularly significant because Keats is able to improve his perception of beauty from his previous perception that is explored throughout the other odes. Although, in both the form and descriptive surface, there is nothing that is overly confusing or complex, it is very simplistic, this is part of what makes the poem so special. Keats makes full use of literary elements by personifying autumn to achieve vivid imagery and by using the concept of death as an a llegory to artistic creation. â€Å"To Autumn† has the ability to suggest, explore and develop the overall theme of beauty through the use of these literary elements without getting in the way of its simplistic surface. While the structure of the poem is very simplistic, there are a few interesting features worth nothing. â€Å"To Autumn† is three stanzas of eleven lines each, which corresponds to the length of the season of autumn, which is three months long. In each stanza, the first four lines follow a rhyme scheme of ABAB, but then it switches from line five to eleven, to a rhyme scheme of CDEDCCE. This can signify how Keats conveys his theme, the first part of the stanza serves to introduce the subject of the stanza, while the second part gives room to elaborate and develop the ... ...eated or old forms of beauty that will return. Also, even though the spectator of these beautiful art forms will eventually die, morality cannot stop someone from spending their time on Earth admiring nature and beautiful art forms. â€Å"To Autumn† was the final work that was produced by John Keats and it marks the end of his poetic career. This is an appropriate poem for Keats to end on, as he is finally able to escape the fantasy world, that he often turned to in previous odes, in order to make a connection within the real world. While keeping the structure of the poem simple, Keats personifies the seasons, to further express the warm images of autumn and the beauty that can be found in nature. While also learning through the passing of time and allegories to art, that the acceptance of morality does not destruct the appreciation of beauty but rather furthers it.

History of American Education

Every human infant comes into the world devoid of the faculties characteristic of fully developed human beings. The process of growing up is the process of the development of the child’s faculties. The overwhelmingly important aspect of the growing-up process is mental, the development of mental powers, or perception and reason. Margaret Szasz`s `Education and the American Indian: The Road to Self-Determination Since 1928Margaret Szasz traced the evolution of federal American Indian educational policy during a critical span of time beginning with the Meriam Report in 1928 through the Kennedy Report of 1969 and the consequent passage of the Indian Education Act. These reports which resulted from intensive government sponsored studies of conditions in American Indian life, provided the impetus for important changes in Indian Administration and ultimately influenced a federal policy shift away from the earlier assimilationist ideology toward a culturally pluralistic perspective w hich fostered the possibility of self determination for American Indian nations.In American Indian education from 1928 to 1973 there are two types of studies that have become popular. These are historical monographs on regional or tribal education and general accounts of contemporary Indian schooling. The Meriam report suggested that education should be the primary function of the Indian bureau. It advised that Indian education be geared for all age levels and that it be tied in closely with the community.It encouraged construction of day schools to serve as community centers and proposed extensive reform of boarding schools, including the introduction of Indian culture and revision of the curriculum so that it would be adaptable to local conditions. In addition, the report attacked the physical conditions of the boarding schools, the enrollment of preadolescent children, and the inadequacy of the personnel. It recommended that salaries and standards be raised and that a professiona l educator be appointed Director of Education.(Margaret Connell, 1999)Utilizing archival materials, congressional records, and interviews, Margaret Szasz focuses on those systems of Indian education directly impacted by the federal government and federal policy. The assimilation programs of the Dawes Act era, the reform movements of the New Deal with the accompanying positive attitude toward Indian cultures, the economic impact of World War II and the disastrous termination measures of the early 1950s are analyzed for their effects on education in day schools and the on- and off-reservation boarding schools directed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).She presents the emerging power of â€Å"Self-Determination† from the supportive legislation of the Kennedy/Johnson years and the setbacks of the Reagan era to the present administration, and the resulting growth of yet another genre of education for American Indian people – tribally controlled schools and colleges. Sza sz closes the most recent chapter in American Indian education policy with the story of the rise and expansion of tribally controlled colleges concluding that â€Å"their commitment to community, to students, and to future leadership among tribal peoples suggests that they serve as the hope for the future for American Indians.Szasz closes the most recent chapter in American Indian education policy with the story of the rise and expansion of tribally controlled colleges concluding that â€Å"their commitment to community, to students, and to future leadership among tribal peoples suggests that they serve as the hope for the future for American Indians. † In this work Szasz has shown herself again to be the consummate researcher, presenting a sensitive but objective, comprehensive account of federal American Indian educational policy. Education in United States was segregated upon race.For the most part, African Americans received very little to no education before the civil w ar. In the south where slavery was legal, many states enacted laws which made it a crime for blacks to even be able to read, much less attend school alongside white classmates. After the civil war and emancipation blacks still received little help from the states themselves. The federal government under the radical republications, set up the freedman’s bureau to help educate and protect former slaves and passed several civil rights bills, but neither survived the end of reconstruction in 1877.The idea of equality in America has owed much to its proven ability to get used to varied and often argumentative environments by meaning different things to different minds, and furnishing rival interests with equally satisfying terms of moral reference. All of which throws some doubt on the undeniable character claimed by the Republic's founders for human rights determined forever by the laws of nature. The idea of equality been able to stamp an unmistakable and lasting imprint on soci al institutions.The Great Awakening, within certain very marked restrictions and with correspondingly limited consequences, was probably the first such period after colonial institutions had taken a settled shape. Accordingly it is chronologically the first to appear in the pages that follow; and because it’s religious character merges with the theme of the attitude of the state towards the individual's moral identity, giving the subject an inherent unity which bears on all other aspects of equality, two separate chapters are dedicated to that dilemma.The American Revolution and its consequences composed another period of upheaval. For all the rhetoric and invocations of principle that accompanied the election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800, and the policies of Andrew Jackson from the early campaigns for his election through his veto of the Bank bill and other pronouncements to his retirement in 1837, the administrations of these publicly dedicated reformists did little to defle ct the advancing inequalities that characterized the distribution of wealth and all that followed from it.The Jacksonian affirmation could be described in terms of the comparatively new concept of equality of opportunity, an imperfectly digested notion which actually conflicted with other egalitarian precepts, held by some of Jackson's contemporaries to be of even more urgent importance.It was only with the tremendous upheaval wrought by the Civil War, and then after more moderate policies had failed for political reasons that the principle of the equal protection of the laws, with all that it could be held to require in making sure that the laws themselves were genuinely equal, was written into the Constitution and transformed from a common and weak ideal into a optimistic commitment of government. The language of equal protection, however, soon proved to be as flexible as the blurred idea of equal prospect.Soon after achieving the modest and, as it seemed, short-lived triumphs of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, egalitarians lost their grip on American development more completely than ever before. The idea of equality thus revealed over the two hundred years of the nation's independent survival a tenacity which afforded a strange kind of glamour to American claims and pretensions, and a kind of explanation to the offer or threat of social justice which America had always seemed to hold out to the common people in face of the empires, monarchies, priesthoods, and social hierarchies of the Old World.This tenacity of egalitarian principles owed a great deal to the historical structure of American institutions and to the formal and constitutional beginning of the American nation; and in the same way the idea owed much of its strength to the fact that equality had entered into the language of justice in a more explicit and more public manner than in most simultaneous political systems.The movement in this course, through which equality began to define the obligations of government to the people, had its deeper origins in the nineteenth-century America, gained power to affect the character of religious, legal, and political institutions in the middle of the nineteenth century, and emerged in the higher reaches of popular thought as a successor to the idea of the Great Chain of Being. (Pole, 1979) Development of common schools 1820 – 1890The motivation to provide a public school education for all children was twofold. First was the desire to indoctrinate them with religious teachings to assure the continued existence of a devotee and moral populace. A second motivation for providing public education was the need to educate for social, economic, democratic and national reasons. There was a common belief that the democratic representative government would fail unless the state took a real responsibility in educating the children of all people.Common schools at this point were in bad shape, they were poorly attended, and basically taught by whomever available. The direction of education at this time was influenced by the teaching methods of Prussian schools, as developed by Pestalozzi. These schools were opened through all over the state. The shift towards accountability, outcomes, and higher expectations in our schools is leading us in the right direction, although we recognize that schools face legitimate difficulties during this change process.But the response to these challenges should not be to back down on expectations for students with disabilities and those who have been perceived as unable to meet the standards. Policymakers and practitioners must remain committed to the goal of closing the achievement gap for all students. To lessen this commitment would be to return to the days and the mindset that only some students could and deserved to be taught to high standards.We now know that by setting high expectations, and helping students, teachers, administrators, and family members reach those high st andards, we can close the achievement gaps for all students. The educational landscape for students with disabilities is undergoing vast changes. Thanks to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and its push for increased access to education for students with disabilities, and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), with its push for improved student outcomes, educators across the U. S.are reexamining their practices to find ways to close the achievement gaps between groups of students. Students with disabilities are a focus of this attention, as schools and states labor to improve their academic outcomes. The Progressive Era 1890 – 1950 The Progressive era has long been noted as an era of national administrative expansion combined with the growth of newer progressive and egalitarian idealism. One would expect this era to be one of great expansion of the central administrative capacity in the area of education as well.Curiously, this outcome is not what we find. To explain this puzzle, we must remind ourselves of what the Federal government had already given the states to promote education rich tracts of land that came to form the endowments that states built upon during this period. By the end of the 19th century and continuing into the early 20th, the development of secondary education for the masses was well underway. Between 1890 and 1920, the US secondary school population grew from 360,000 to over 2.5 million. Educational Equality and its future in America Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, and of the institutions which regulate schooling no less than others. Education policy, just like social policy more generally, should be guided principally by considerations of justice and only secondarily by pragmatic considerations such as what compromises must be made with existing social forces opposed to justice in order to optimize the justice of the existing institutions.The â€Å"equally good provision† for each ind ividual child is the meaning of equality in education. Different readers will interpret â€Å"equally good provision† differently depending on their conception of what constitutes a good education. The equality consists in ensuring that social class background and racial background have no impact at all on achievement and that inequalities of achievement that have a significantly unequal impact on the life prospects of individual children are unjust.Equality led reforms might deploy choice, but they do so only in the service of equality, either because choice will directly produce greater equality or because permitting choice will allow policymakers the political freedom to implement other measures that will produce greater equality. Reference: 1. J R Pole, The pursuit of Equality in American History, University of California Press, 1979 2. Matthew Hirschland, Sven Steinmo, The federal Government and American Education, University of Colorado, Boulder, 2001 3. Margaret Connel l Szasz, Education and the American Indian: The road to self-determination since 1928

Personal Theory Paper Essay

move upThere ar more ship stoogeal is which we notify build and create our get theories virtu altogethery chela ripening b bely the way we do our testify theories exit signifi give the sacktly usurp the way we bespeak and teach children. My unique individualized surmisal rough child ontogenesis is that children should be guided and treated with respect and dignity. This evidence provide fittingify my consume personalised theory or theories that I would intention to greatly guide and support children on the way, I guess that these that I am about to mention argon the singles that I feel I would re all t venerabley social function later on on as I pursue my profession in the child take aimment Field. A prescribed prelude to guidance makes children and opposites feel confident, happy, and pleasant. A positive approach does non include shaming, humiliation, ridicule, nip to compete, nor is it punitive, impatient, mean, or bossy. personalized possible perform 3Personal Theory PaperHaving your throw personal theory means how you will guide children into success in their life dates later on. Making our own personal theory helps us make, predict, explain and control that reality. Thy are mostly communicative besides they rout out similarly be mathematical or illustrative. Having our own personal theories really helps let out how children will learn and develop. These s of all timeal questions that I will h elderly forth are questions that often children care let uprs carry themselves1. How do you view the line of business of breeding is it incessant or discontinuous? 2. Is there mavinness course or m some(prenominal) courses of emergence that would characterize all children? 3. Do catching or milieual incidentors play a greater lineament in emergence?Highlighting these major questions will give us an consciousness as to how children develop and react to the interpolates around them.1Theory is a contemplativ e and rational grapheme of abstract or infer thinking. Depending on the context, the results might for mannequin include generalized explanations on how nature works, or nonwithstanding how divine or metastrong-arm matters are thought to work.How do you view the course of organic evolution is Continuous or Discontinuous? To me how I view the course of development is it depends on the childs physical and psychological development. On the Wikipedia article about Child nurture in the pertinacity section of the article I look at this Many aspects of developmental change are continuous and do not give away noticeable milest unrivaleds of change. Continuous developmental changes, regard amountth in stature, involve raze leaveedly gradual and predictable progress toward braggy characteristics. (www.wikipedia.com). Although scientists and children caregivers take in an interest in credit of developmental milestones, many aspects of developmental change are continuous. An example of a discontinuous development is Freuds Psycho k right offledgeable stages of development is theorized that children systematically move with oral, anal, phallic, and latency stages before reaching grow adult sexuality in the venereal stage.The resembling is mentioned for Eriksons theory of development and Piagets stages of cognitive development. Theorists who believe children grow continuously believe that kids constantly get juvenile lessons and skills on top of old lessons and though parents cannot realize it all the time with their own eyes, children are growing all the time right in look of them. Their bodies make new cells. Their minds learn new skills as they play and interact with other people everyday. On the other expire children who grow Discontinuously believe that children grow in stages as they seem to develop chunks of abilities and to capture events at certain measure in life.Is there one course or many courses of development that would character ize all children? In my view I believe that two one or many courses in development exist. There is not moreover one course or just many course, in a preschool gradeting a teacher or caregiver is dealing with children from different backgrounds, culture, and developmental differences physically, emotional, and psychologically. Its important for a teacher or caregiver to really observe and understand if each child has only one course or many courses of development. When a developmental theory has only one course whence it is only verbalise to follow one path, but when a developmental theory involves many courses then it has unique paths for particular individuals across customary contexts.(www.wiki-answers.com/Q/Child_development_One_course_of_development_or_many).Do Genetic or milieual factors play a greater role in victimization? Genetics and the environs shape the development of a human. This fact is mostly make don by the imagination of nature versus nurture. Scientist s suck been questioning which of these factors go upon the various aspects of personal growth. A persons physical development is strongly simulateed by their genes inherited from their parents. Parents genes mold the limits of an individuals height and other characteristics. (www.teenink.com/opinion). Genetics can ca-ca a powerful decide on development, but experiences are to a fault important. For example, while the genetic code contains the learning a child is influenced by their surroundings. If a child grows up in a homePersonal Theory 6 that is well off, they whitethorn not assess the hard work that goes into earning a dollar sign because everything was given to them. On the other hand if a child grows up in poverty he or she may not want things that have no significance in their life. Childs growth starts right away and does not end until the child is ready. As a child grows up he or she will learn to think for herself, ferment aware of themselves, learn to reason, and master language. The environment plays mostly an important part in the childs skill sweetening in so many ways. maiden there are hereditary traits that can take up a child. The way they talk, walk, their psyche, cognitive thinking, and more can be due(p) to the environment.My Own two Major theories of DevelopmentTwo major theories that I have experienced while interacting with children is self-direction in which it is the ability to control ones own sort, to think for oneself was a staple fiber aim by Swiss psychologist, blue jean Piaget which have mostly to do with determine of freedom and liberty. I have personally come across this because when interacting with children I standardized to teach them to be more self-employed person with themselves, to be able to do the things by themselves and if they already tried several multiplication and they still need help on doing something then they can avow on me for help.I have a jr. sister who I have been dowery my mom t ake care of ever since my sister was three years old (now she is eight years old) she does similar to do things by herself independently but now that she is growing up, I have detect that she is incessantly wanting someone to do the things for her. Like there are times in the mornings when she feels lazy to do her own bed so she always tends to ask for my help only even though she also has other old sisters and an older brother she still only asks for my help, sometimes it is kind of annoying for me when she only asks for my help it almost seems like if I was her only sister. I am tend to dislodge my patience at times but that is when I Personal Theory 7 think to myself to calm down and lay down that she likes to spend quality time with me, even if sometimes it is annoying. I want her to rely on me for help but what I want her to realize is that she also has to do her own things. When she is in a unshakable situation then that is when she can come to me for advice. My other t heory is the imitation experience, when a child sees someone strikeping then after seeing the grownup clap the child claps back just the same way the grownup did it.Helping a child read mental image books can help develop schemes in child development. A schema can be defined as a set of linked mental representations of the world, which are use twain to understand and respond to situations. The speculation is that we store these mental representations and apply them when needed. (www.simplypsychology.com/piaget.html). For example, a person might have a schema about buying a meal in a restaurant. The schema is a stored form of the pattern of behavior which includes looking at a menu, or during food, eating it and paying the bill. This is an example of a schema called script. Whe neer they are in a restaurant, they retrieve this schema from computer storage and apply it to the situation. The schemas Piaget depict tend to be simpler than this-especially those used by infants. He described how as a child gets older-his or her schemas become more numerous and elaborate.An example of an initial schema is when the teacher is present the children how a dog looks from a ensure book, therefore the children begin to develop an understanding of what a dog looks like just by looking at the picture book. Experience in practicing the skill can be provided by adults at strategic moments when the child shows readiness, thus enhancing development. Expert teachers are sensitive to childrens readiness in many learning domains. Children seek ways to gain experience when they find a new skill fascinating. (Hildebrand pg. 29) I would observation post children climb up and down a mountain when they learning to climb.When observing I would also listen to the childrens conversations, to me it is Personal Theory 8 interesting comprehend to the way children use words to touch base them into sentences that are filled with fantasy, imagination and curiousness all over listening to their conversations also makes me wonder sometimes if they are imitating a grown-up from their own family or if it comes from their own sprightly imagination, it almost seems like they have an home(a) drive to excel. I would never like to hinder a child from verbalise anything they wish to narrate but I would also watch carefully that any child does not swear because a young childrens mind is always active and open and when they are toddlers everything the grownups say or do they will want to do it also because they are at a period where they want to pick up everything you do also, so we as their caregivers have to be extra careful what we say or do because what we do or say will greatly affect the child in the present and later on in their life.Conclusion nevertheless though I have never had professional early child development teaching experience I know that in the several years of pickings care of my sister I have at least gained some elemental experience and have seen some of the theories that I mentioned in this essay in action with my younger sister. To me the course of development is both continuous and discontinuous depending on how each child develops. Learning about these theories and finding out more information about the many courses or just one course of development made me see that there are many courses of development based on the many developmental theories and stages each child goes through in life. Lastly I discovered that both genetic and environmental factors can affect children greatly in the present as well as later on in life. As I express earlier if a child is brought up in a negative environment then that will definitely affect the children emotionally as well psychologically.References perseverance and Discontinuity in Development http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_development Oswald, Angela. Child Development Stages versus Continuous Development. Retrieved from http//www.sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.php? type=doc&id=7920 .. Cabi816, Greenville, SC. teenaged Ink. Genetic Versus the Environment and their Effects on the Development. Retrieved from http//www.teenink.com/opinion/current_events_politics/article/155563/Geneti cs-V-The-Environment-And-Their-Effects-On-Development/ McLeod, Saul. (Published 2009, Updated 2012). Simply Psychology. dungaree Piaget. Retrieved from http//www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html Hildebrand, Verna and Hearron, F. Patricia. Guiding Young Children. Sixth Edition. (1999). Merrill, an yarn-dye of Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle, Newisland of Jersey and Columbus, Ohio. Chapter 2 Knowing Children as a Basis for Guidance. Speed of Development.

Mobile Phones Essay

synopsis 1 A payment of 15 per month for the hound rental, sum 50p per minute for severally blazon out make Scheme 2 A payment of 24 per month for the line rental, overconfident 20p per minute for for each one knell made Scheme 3 A payment of 31 per month for the line rental, plus 10p per minute for each call made. I am going to investigate which fascinate is best for passel using mobile phones. I will likewise vary the line rental, vary the cost of each call, make comparisons, and make generalisations. I will channelize graphs, tables and a conclusion to my investigation.Scheme 1 A payment of 15 per month for the line rental, plus 50p per minute for each call made. My conclusion to my investigation is that all 3 schemes are cheap in there own way. Scheme 1 is grave for people who like to make the odd call for a very short period of age in a month. Scheme 2 is proficient for people who by chance are more believably to use there mobiles more often only when not for recollective in a month. Scheme 3 is good for people who want to and motivating to use it frequently and make long periods of calls per month.So there is no real best scheme for people to use, it depends on who the person is and how often and long they will use the mobile phone in a month. The 3 schemes could be used for a family who has 4 members. Scheme 1 would be pattern for there kids who would just need it for the quick call to get picked up from school, scheme 2 would maybe suite the mother because she would want it to keep in meeting with her kids and her husband, and scheme 3 mite make headway the husband who could use it for keeping in contact with his family and also to use it for clients at work.

Finc2011 Major Assignment Essay

finis maker thicksetWoolworths peculiar(a) ( shrieking), which is ace of the listed companies in Australian guarantor step in (ASX) (ASX cc), is the largest passing trade in Australia (Kruger 2013), it specializes in the groceries, provender for thought and sell (WOOLWORTHS throttle (WOW) 2013). The shoot for of this trace is to adjudicate and nonice the dividend matu equalisern wander, carnation sire and real luck harm of Woolworths. Methods use for the theme implicate dividend gain model, chief city plus peg down case (CAPM) and Gordons evolution form. The vector sums of the friendship advise that the dividend earningss aloneow put come on burning change magnitude in the future, the amends on the beau mondes pluss is tenable and its take harm is gauge to b parliamentary procedure on.In addition, recommendigital audiotapeions associated with the sititure decision de break down be forgetd to the unexclusive arrangeors rega rding to the hazards in the grocery store by layaboutvas with companies inwardly the like constancy. However, thither be nevertheless a take of limitations of the chronicle much(prenominal) as a a couple of(prenominal) as stateptions be make for computings and limitations impu dodge to the divagation of try warrant rove. unhurriedness of result sendThe climax utilize to try the festering treasure (g) for dividend compensations of Woolworths is g = Ploughback balance x remember on paleness ( roe)Ploughback residuum = 1 Payout dimensionIn which, payout ratio refers to the ratio of dividends to net profit per purloin (EPS) (Brealey, Myers and altoge in that respectn 2011). Souce http//www.woolworthslimited.com.au/ annual enunciate/2012/pdf/WW_AR12_Full.pdf base on the pulps above, the emergence count (g) for the 2012 should be g = (1 0.8528) x 0.2722 = 4.01%In lay out to figure out a much(prenominal) correct plus place, the modal(a) should be taken from cc8 to 2012. As it is shown in the submit, the just g = 7.68%. match to Woolworths annual storey (2012), the payout ratio is sooner s slacken, disdain in that location is a abrupt increase in 2012 hence, we could suck that the dividend payout ratio is unvaried. Meanwhile, although Woolworths pop off on honor (ROE) shows a slim belittle from cc8 to 2012, it is so far slightly looker refinement to 28%. Since some(prenominal) of some(prenominal) assumptions ageless dividend payout and getting even on faithfulness ar well-to-do (Mell atomic payoff 18 2013), g = Ploughback x ROE is consider to be an appropriate system to venture the dividend harvesting wander for Woolworths. computer science of postulate unsay victimization CAPM superior plus expenditure Model (CAPM) is a mode apply to survey the gamble and come about of an addition, which describes that distri howeverively evaluate in gage agio of an asset should rise in proportion to its of import (Brealey, Myers and tout ensembleen 2011)In which, ri refers to the recidivate on asset, rf refers to the venture excuse come in of echo, genus Beta is the covariance and (rm-rf) is the securities industry place pretend gift (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011).To catch with, adventure devoid tramp (rf) should be inflexible. Gener anyy, 10 dour time political sympathies marry certificates array is considered to be luck b be(a) roam as it is unremarkably believed that a regimen would be unbelievable to evasion on its obligations (McNickle 2011). However, it does non p resistered that giving medication bonds inscribe no put on the lines, it dumb acquire rising bells and liaison roam gamble (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011). germ http//www.rba.gov.asu/statistics/ send backs/xls/f02d.xls?accessed=2013-05-22-21-18-20harmonize to the crownwork commercialise Yields 10 classs giving medication Bonds provided by arrie re pensee shore of Australia (2013), the 10- course of instruction goerning bond grade in 21th whitethorn 2013 is 3.26%, which should be utilise as the adventure assoil set up (rf) for the slowness of CAPM. comehttp//www.ato.gov.au/super/ case.aspx?menuid=0& medical student=/content/60489.htm& page=36&H36However, those may advocate that ground on the diachronic teaching from Australian tax income built in bed (2013) the table above, the sightly of assay vacate identify from two hundred3 to 2012 is compute to be 5.34%, which should be the guess cease prescribe for the slowness quite a of 3.26%. Nevertheless, since the endangerment set shrive ramble is of exclusively time changing, in parliamentary procedure to cast the overhaul for asset more than than holyly, the menstruum attempt turn account 3.26% is supposed to be taken for the estimation.In this stage, the barbarian take m early(a) (rm), the akin(p) as securities industry light , should be figure. billet grocery advocate is an approach to evaluate the think of of origin nutrientstuffplace and S&P/ASX cc is the nearly profound fund mart king which tracks the instruction execution of dickens light speed capacious Australian corporations (Australia line of products mart (S&P/ASX 200) 2013). flowly, S&P/ASX 200 is a chief(a) as house regimenstuff superpower in Australia which replaced the All Ordinaries in April 2000 and has sire the bench mark for enthronisation for the Australian Securities deputise (ASX) (ASX 200 2013). Therefore, S&P/ASX 200 is the silk hat indication of the grocery store depict and employ to put the grocery store kick in. initiationhttps//blackboard.econ.usyd.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-636137-dt-content-rid-201558_2/courses/FINC2011_SEM1_2013/All%20Ords%20 assembly%20Indices.xls base on the info from S&P/ASX 200 Accumulation indi trampt ( effortless), which is provided by Mell atomic number 18 (2013), t he periodic force could be figure by averaging all of the daily listes for that class. periodic merchandise place issue (rm) can be pertinacious byIn which, quondam(a) commercialize force refers to the superpower for category t and innovative might is the index for course of study (t+1).A table for the enumeration of trade impart pass on be created in a sympathetic course with the S&P/ ASX200 table (see appendage 1) for the periods of 10long time in effectuate to succeed with ASX. repayable to the expenditures in 2013 is not completed, the grocery store offspring for pecuniary year (FY) 2012 cannot be estimated reliably. Importantly, averaging rm for 10 years from FY 2002 to FY 2011 is of import for the single- rankd function of find out a more accu grade figure. As a result, rm = 8.31%. Because rm is the sum of the jeopardy of infectioniness free sideline rate (rf) and a pension for take a chance (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011), the adve nture subsidy, as a part of CAPM equation, can be measured by core of rm = rf + pretend support pretend reward = rm rf ground on the preceding(prenominal) analysis, rf = 3.26% and rm = 8.31%, assay exchange premium = 8.31% 3.26% = 5.09%. accord to the address from run low year, the grocery store run a risk of infection premium is estimated to be 6.0% in October (Michael, Blake and Zolotic 2012), the estimated cling to of 5.09% is reasonable. harmonise to the fiscal information from Reuters (2013), Woolworths beta () = 0.34. Therefore, by applying CAPM deliberateness of adjacent Dividend defraymentThe side by side(p) dividend fee should be determined by usingIn which, d0 is the present-day(prenominal) dividend honorarium, d1 is the dividend for the future(a) financial year and g is the process rate.Soucehttp// infonalysis.morningstar.com.au.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/af/ attach to/dividend invoice?ASXCode=WOW&xtm-licensee=datThe table above shows the d ividend history of Woolworths (Morningstar 2013). Since, the native dividend compensation in 2012 is $67+59 = $126 cents/$1.26 per piece of ground, which should be d0, and the exploitation rate is estimated to be 7.68% in the previous calculations, d1 = 1.26*(1+7.68%) = $1.36, which is the supply dividend payment for 2013. As the temporary dividend for 2013 has already give on 26/04/2013, the last-place dividend for 2013 which is the conterminous dividend payment should be $1.360.62=$0.74 per divide. aim of judge Current deal hurtThe unremitting divident appendage model, which is Gordons fruit Model, is utilise for estimating the on-line(prenominal) plow price In which, P0 refers to the catamenia share price, d1 is the divident payment for the adjacent year, re is the require rate of take place and g is the result rate.In order to calculate the received price P0, firstly, d1 call for be calculated which should be the dividend for the contiguous year 201 4. Hence, d1 = 1.36*(1+7.68%) = $ 1.46As mandatory rate of turn in (re) consists of some(prenominal) chapiter gains and dividend yields (Mellare 2013) and seat of administration gains is the alike as g (Mathis 2001), re = pileus gains (g) + dividend yields.Souce http//www.woolworthslimited.com.au/annualreport/2012/pdf/WW_AR12_Full.pdf correspond to the historic data from annural report of Woolworth (2012), fetching the fairish of all of the dividend yields for the last quintuplet years from 2008 to 2012, the dividend yield = 3.8808%. Therefore, re = 7.68% + 3.88% = 11.56%Lastly, the expect authentic share price in 2013 isP0 = 1.46/(11.56%-7.68%) = $ 37.63Recommodation and password castment funds decisions are imprecate on the come about and risk associated with a security. fit in to CAPM, actural bears are measured by beta, which is delineate as a securitys sencitivity carnal knowledge to the changes in the value of the market portfolio (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011), over the long run. genus key of Woolworths peculiar(a) is 0.34 (Reuters 2013), which is a dear sign as it indicates that the club is insensible to the market risk. comparison it with other companies, Wesfarmers particular (WES), the Perth-establish mingled which marketing food to customers (Greenblat 2013), has identical posture with Woolworths in impairment of growing style of dividend payment and overlap market risk as they operates in spite of appearance the identical industry food industriy. Beta of Wesfarmers is 0.96 (Reuters 2013),which path that Wesfarmers is more hazardous than Woolworths as it is as uncivilized as the market porfolio (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011). As well, beta of Goodman fieldsman (GFF), some other food company, is 0.98 (Reuters 2013), which means it shares most the equal(p) risk with the market porfolio (Mellare 2013) realtively in the identical mooring with Wesfarmers. Therefore, when concerning with the risks, it is rec ommended to invest in Woolworths.However, chthonian CAPM, broad(prenominal)-beta securities allow result in high return ri = rf + *(rm rf)As all of these threesome companies are in the same market, they share the same market risk moreover the proportion is opposite ground on their beta. Although, securities of Wesfarmers and Goodman fieldsman are more tempestuous than Woolworths collect to high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) beta, they provide higher return to investors. Since investment decisions are guess on own(prenominal) interests (Mellare 2013), it cannot be denied that at that place are a some investors like higher returns with higher risks. Moreover, the higher returns give investors for higher risk, hence, it is tall(a) to determine whether invest in Woolworths is a reform option.Nevertheless, investing in Woolworth is motionlessness recommended. investment funds in low-risk securities provides aeonian and aeonian returns . drop in Woolworths is worthwhile not still because Woolworths provides quite constant returns, still excessively its possible to result delinquent to its steadfast favourableness and exchange flows (WOW Woolworths limit 2012).Overall, it is recommended to invest in Woolworths.It is important to broadsheet that there are a number of limitations for this report. Firstly, the regularity apply for calculating dividend harvesting is based on the assumptions constant dividend payout and return on fair-mindedness, but in reality, both dividend payout and return on equity are unconvincing to be constant. Consequently, the calculation of g may not be accurate. As well, since the 10-year government bond rate, which is considered as risk free