Investigation of the Effect of Caffeine on Human Reaction...

Investigation of the Effect of Caffeine on Human Reaction Speed Introduction This lab report will be exploring whether or not human simple reaction speed is affected by the consumption of around 130ml of a caffeinated beverage. This report will also assess whether or not there is any correlation between regular caffeine consumers, and a change in reaction time. This experiment, even though had ought to produce inaccurate data due to the lack of control variables, proved to be worthwhile as the consumption of caffeine is extensive in our day-to-day lives, yet most students fails to understand its effect on the human body on the neurobiological scale. Furthermore the data produced from this experiment could inform the general public if or if not the consumption of caffeine is advisable when an individual strives for a faster reaction speed. Hence the applications could range from athletes to professional gamers. The model used for the experiment, dropping of a ruler, had its benefits and drawbacks. The benefit of using a ruler was that the reaction speed could be measured to a high level of precision as the scale was printed on the ruler, hence the uncertainty of the measurement was quite low. At the same time by using the specific model, the experiment was consistent as the same measuring device was used, and the location from which the ruler was dropped stayed the same. This improved the reliability of the measurements. Caffeine chemically known as is 1, 3,Show MoreRelatedInvestigation Of The Speed Of A Nerve Impulse2425 Words   |  10 PagesINVESTIGATION OF THE SPEED OF A NERVE IMPULSE INTRODUCTION The speed of a nerve impulse is an important aspect of the human nervous system and can be altered by different stimulants. In 1850, Hermann von Helmholtz succeeded in measuring the speed of the nerve impulse. He found it to be much slower than the previously believed speed of 50 to 100 meters per second. This finding was then followed by intensive investigation of the nervous system within the framework of the physical and biological sciencesRead MoreEssay about Effects of Caffeine on Human Health1032 Words   |  5 PagesCaffeine is one of the most well-known orally consumed drug around the world. In the 1820s, a German chemist named Friedrich Ferdinand Runge first discovered caffeine by extracting it from coffee [6]. Coffee and tea are leading sources of caffeine in the adult diet whereas caffeinated soft drinks are leading sources of caffeine in the diet of children in North America [7]. The per capita consumption level of caffeine for consumers of all ages is approximately 120 mg/day [4]. The purpose of thisRead MoreThe Physiological Condition Of Caffeine Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: Caffeine has become a staple in the majority of the adult population’s normal routine but is the substance actually benefitting one’s mental prowess? Memory is the brain’s ability to catalog skills or experiences for future needs (Sherwood et al. 2005). There are two types of memory which are declarative (explicit) memory and procedural (implicit) memory; declarative memory deals with storage of information dealing with names or places, etc., while procedural memory deals with one’sRead MoreHow Does The Consumption Of A Particular Energy Drink ( Red Bull ) Affect A Human s Heart Rate2211 Words   |  9 PagesIB Biology Cheyenne Cosman Dr. Sigworth March 28, 2015 Heart Rate IA Research Question How does the consumption of a particular energy drink (Red Bull) affect a human’s heart rate during exercise? Bakground Information The human heart has four chambers: two thin-walled atria, which receive blood, and two thick-walled ventricles, which pump blood. While veins carry blood into the atria, arteries carry blood away from ventricles. The atria and ventricles work collaboratively, alternatingRead MoreEASA Modul 9 questions12203 Words   |  49 PagesEASA Part 66 : Human Factor Question Module 09, Human Factors. 09.1. General. Question Number.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Accidents and engineering faults are.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   insignificant and decreasing.   Option B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   significant and increasing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   insignificant and increasing.  Ã‚   Correct Answer is.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   significant and increasing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Explanation.  Ã‚  Ã‚   CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2.5 CAP 716 App.G pg.2 Para 1.3.1. Question Number.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Murphys law is perpetuatedRead MoreHuman Factors in Aviation8517 Words   |  35 Pagesto accidents b)can only be used if prescribed by your doctor c) should never be done (except for coffee) Answer:c 9. You are taking SUDAFED to relief nasal congestion. You should a) continue to take them at work because SUDAFED has no side effects b)stay away from work until you no longer require the SUDAFED c) avoid making engineering decisions or performing licensed duties Answer:c 10. A perforated ear drum could occur if a) you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz b)you blewRead MoreSample Apa Research Paper3328 Words   |  14 Pagesthe page number. Running on Empty 1 Full title, authors, and school name are centered on the page, typed in uppercase and lowercase. Running on Empty: The Effects of Food Deprivation on Concentration and Perseverance Thomas Delancy and Adam Solberg Dordt College 34 Sample Abstract Running on Empty Abstract This study examined the effects of short-term food deprivation on two The abstract summarizes the problem, participants, hypotheses, methods used, results, and conclusions. 2 cognitive abilities—concentrationRead MoreRed Bull Marketing Analysis9152 Words   |  37 Pagesenergy-drink market with a 40% market share. Finally, what influences our choice too, was because Red Bull even being the leader has to face on how to build on its incredible sales growth and about all, and has to face the health issues concerning the effects of drinking Red Bull. Executive Summary A thorough analysis of Red Bull concludes that the company was set up the Energy Drink Market thanks to its own product, Red Bull energy drink. In fact, without Red Bull there would not even be a market forRead MoreEssay on How Red Bull Maintain Their Stronghold8091 Words   |  33 PagesContents0.0 Abstract 1.0 Introduction 2.0 History 3.0 Does Red Bull ® Revitalise the Body and Mind? 3.1 What are the ingredients in Red Bull ®? 3.2 Red Bull ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s adverse health effects 3.3 Has Red Bull ® profited from controversy? Page(s) 2 3 3-4 4-5 5 6 6-7 7 8 8 9 9 10 11-12 13 14 14 15-16 16-17 17 17 18 18-19 20 21-24 25 4.0 Red Bull ® a non-descript market? 5.0 How is Red Bull Marketed? 5.1 Sponsorship 5.2 Advertising 5.3 Brand Image 5.4 Some of Red Bull’s extreme sports athletes and eventsRead MorePharmaeutical Industry Training Report with Deep Description of Different Area in Ibn Sina Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd.14426 Words   |  58 PagesSquare, Beximco, Eskayef, Incepta and Acme are the top five manufacturers by sales and growth rate. About The IBN Sina Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd. Healthcare is one of the important factors among the fundamental need of the human being. Sound mind prevails in sound health and healthy man can contribute his might to the nation-building activities. Since the establishment of IBN SINA Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd. (IPI) in 1983, it has been aiming to fulfill this fundamental demand

The Effects Of Increased Privatization Of Health Care On...

The World Bank (WB or Bank) has transformed from serving primarily to reconstruct post WWII Europe to the world’s largest external funder of health due to the globalization movement. To the global South, the Bank will primarily be known by its controversial Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs). This essay will examine the effects of increased privatization of health care in Africa as a result of loan conditionalities imposed by the Bank SAPs. Effects of SAPs on health and social determinants of health in African countries will be examined with the support of empirical data, followed by a possible explanation for lack of response from the Bank. An outline of existing and proposed alternative solutions will also be evaluated. Overview of SAPs SAPs are the result of the Bank’s increasing role in the health sector in the 1980s and 1990s. Conditional loans are given by the Bank to developing countries for â€Å"policy adjustment† in order to stimulate economic growth. Main principles of such SAPs include macroeconomic management and stability, trade liberalization, and public sector contraction (2), which entails decentralizing the government through privatization of state-owned enterprises, opening up markets for foreign trade, and reducing public sector (including health) budgets. Motives for such policy reform as stated by the Bank include: the need to address resources misallocation and insufficiency, equitable competition of health care through free market, and the need forShow MoreRelatedThe International Monetary Fund And The World Bank Were1419 Words   |  6 Pagesglobal economic order. The World Bank s focus is the provision of long-term loans to support development projects. The IMF concentrates on providing loans to stabilize countries with short-term financial crises Critics of the World Bank and IMF have argued that policies implemented by African Countries, intended to control inflation and generate foreign exchange to help pay off the IMF debts, often result in increased unemployment, poverty and economic polarization thereby impeding sustainable developmentRead MoreSo Far International Monetary Fund (Imf) Has Been Failed to Curve Corruption, Reduce Public Spending and Develop Macroeconomic Policies4014 Words   |  17 PagesNations are members of the IMF with a few exceptions such as Cuba, Lichtenstein and Andorra. (About the IMF:IMF Website) The IMF was originally designed to promote international economic cooperation and provide its member countries with short term loans so they could trade with other countries (achieve balance of payments). The IMF is one of the most powerful institutions on Earth -- yet few know how it works. Functions of IMF: 1. International Monetary Cooperation 2. Promote exchange RateRead MoreNeoliberalism Is A Political Project For Restore Class Power1813 Words   |  8 Pages20 percent accounts for three-quarters of world income . Income inequality increased by 32% between 1960 and 2005 in the UK and in the US it increased by 23% . Neoliberal governance often departs from the theoretical template, providing further proof for Harvey’s thesis that neoliberalism is a political project to restore class power. These pragmatic departures prove very beneficial to the rich and in turn result in increased inequality and poverty. Harvey argues that neoliberal governance has twoRead More Failure of IMF and World Bank Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa4500 Words   |  18 PagesIMF and World Bank Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa Over the last several hundred years, Africa has been deprived of the peace that it so desperately needs. For over 400 years, Africa was subjected to the harsh trans-Atlantic slave trade. Europeans and Americans brutally uprooted millions of Africans and shipped them away. Torn away from their homes, Africans were inhumanely exploited for their labor. The slave trade had a devastating effect not only on those involved, but also on

Professional Dress Code Essay - 1813 Words

Presentation of a Nurse: Professional Dress Code Nicole Davis St. Joseph’s College of Nursing Presentation of a Nurse: Professional Dress Code One of the first things a patient sees when a nurse walks into their room is the expression on the nurse’s face and what the nurse is wearing. Everyone thinks of different attire when speaking of nurses: some think of the all-white uniforms with caps that needed to be starched, some may think of a person in scrubs, and few may think of risquà © Halloween costumes of nurses. Nursing, unlike many professions, cannot dress in business or business casual every day to show professionalism, instead many hospitals have mandatory dress codes including having nurses wearing scrubs instead. It puts†¦show more content†¦(SJHHC, 2016) Employees should wear scrub tops over their t-shirts as well, which should be either white or the same color as the scrub top. (SJHHC, 2016) All these policies are in place to make the patients aware of who is taking care of them at every given moment. Supporting Literature and Research Throughout many years, nurses have dressed in all white uniforms making these men and women easy to identify. Since switching to theses unstandardized uniforms, nurses no longer have the same message, some even stating that â€Å"today’s nonstandard nursing uniforms†¦ do not present a professional image and contribute to the patient, family, and other healthcare provider’s inability to identify the RN among other care providers.† (Hatfield et al., 2013) As years advance though, many policies at hospitals will change and adapt with them. Another article states: â€Å"Patients and clinicians want nurses to be able to be rapidly identified, in emergent situations when it is vital to communicate competence and readiness to assume their role in patient stabilization.† (Clavelle, Goodwin, Tivis, 2013) While these two articles agree that nurses should be easily identifiable, a module from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) states that â€Å" Ideally, your attire should enable you to blend in to the professional crowd rather than stand out† but also states to abide by the employee handbook for informationShow MoreRelatedEssay about Professional Dress Code in the Workplace1690 Words   |  7 PagesProfessional Dress Code in the Workplace Rosaura P Bernal EN 306 – Nadia H Morales Park University The first impression is a lasting impression whether it is at the office, a party, a lunch date or an interview. What you wear to these events can be either a positive impression or a negative one. That is why I think it is very necessary to have a professional dress code in the workplace if your place of employment is that of a professional setting such as a bank or even an insurance companyRead MoreArgument Against School Uniforms Should Not Be Banned1556 Words   |  7 PagesArgument Against School Uniforms My disagreement against school dress code is that public schools should not make the student go to school uniforms. Students should be able to wear any appropriate clothing they want to wear. School uniforms are not the way to be unsuccessful in education. School uniforms are a waste of time to have in a public school system. Teachers should make the students go home and change into school appropriate clothes. Public schools should give students a chance on what theyRead MoreDress Codes1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Dress Codes Dress codes have been in effect, in all walks of life, for decades upon decades. Dress codes dictate what is, and what is not appropriate to wear in that location. Business attire, school dress codes, and uniforms are all great examples of standards for dressing. The terms that identify what is attire is acceptable changes based on culture, the media, and fashion trends, but have those terms become too blurred? It seems that everyday in the United States peopleRead MoreShould Employers Dictate What Employees Wear Outside of Work?842 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant, especially in the working environment. Every occupation has some sort of dress code for employees to follow. Dress codes can range from wearing suits to gym shorts depending on one’s occupation. Employers decide if the candidate is qualified for the job based on appearance, and then what you wear for the job based on the company’s dress code. The question is can one’s employer dictate what is approp riate dress outside of the job? Employers should only have a say of what one wears while representingRead MoreLaw Enforcement : The Police Officer And The Firefighter843 Words   |  4 Pagesslides, the police officer, the corrections officer and the firefighter. The next slide showed a forensics technician and the final slide showed a police detective. Only going off of the photos I can determine that each of the individuals was professional. Each person had on a specific uniform. The uniforms were clean, tidy, pressed and fitted. Appropriate attire is vital when assessing individual professionalism. You want to ensure that your hair is groomed appropriately. Your clothes are not tooRead MoreAll Men Are Created Equal1313 Words   |  6 Pagesegalitarian. The oppressive traditional roles from the Neolithic era are still shoved down a woman’s throat from an early age. A woman is expected to stay at home and raise the kids, instead of going off to work and leave the kids with a nanny. The essay, â€Å"Turkey’s in the Kitchen†, highlights how women are trained to work in the kitchen, whereas, most men are inept when it comes to anything cooking related. School systems perpetuated this idea even further by enrolling women into sexist home economicRead MoreSchool Uniforms And The Constitution746 Words   |  3 Pages Argumentative Essay: School Uniforms and the Constitution HOMETOPICAPPEALSREFUTATIONSOURCE ESSAY School Uniforms School uniforms are becoming a popular trend amongst schools. Students and even most parents don’t agree with the enforcement with school uniforms; stating that uniforms take away the right of self-expression. School uniforms are not a negative thing to have. Yes, uniforms limit what the studentsRead MoreEssay on Judging by the Cover960 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Judging by the Cover,† is an essay written in 2003 by Bonny Gainley who is a consultant, speaker, and author. It originally appeared in an opinion column in a Colorado newspaper. Although non-discriminatory, she believes that people project messages about themselves with their appearance. This essay seems to be intended for recent graduates and young job seekers. The main point that she tries to explain to the reader is that even though our family and friends may accept us for who we are, employersRead MoreTrue Professionalism is Related to a Person ´s Attitudes, Behaviors and Capabilities1266 Words   |  5 Pagesemployees, as they are the ones in constant contact with customers. This essay will talk about professionalism, particularly what constitutes professionalism, what are the consequences when employees do not follow the companys conduct for the big co mpany such as Rolls Royce and will look at some of the facts how Rolls Royce deals with these kind of issues. Furthermore, I will reflect on the situation when acting as professional become an issue during the placement with Rolls Royce. The word professionalismRead MoreSocialization And Discrimination Of Gender Within Our Education System1738 Words   |  7 Pagesas an item for another’s sexual use, an individual is held to a narrow standard that equates attractiveness with sexiness, or sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon an individual† (Moloney Pelehach, 2014). Most high schools have the â€Å"dress code†. Dress codes are enforced throughout secondary educational institutions to â€Å"keep a sense of professionalism† and are highly approved, not just in Canada, not just North America, but the whole world is on an axis because of this derogatory movement the

The Evolution Of Wordless Societies Essay - 1773 Words

The Evolution of Wordless Societies: From Ancient Egypt Hieroglyphics to Emojis Pictures have been around long before words as a means of communicating. From ancient to modern civilizations, pictures and symbols have been used to convey messages and capsulize the history and culture of the society. Terms like hieroglyphics and emojis refer to systems of writing in which pictures and symbols represent ideas and sounds. This paper will examine four writing systems of ancient and modern societies that utilize pictures. Each of the writing systems used pictures along with letters. In some societies, pictorial uses were reserved for the society’s elite, but recently, the use of pictures as primary text has become more main stream. Throughout time, society s use of pictures and symbols has transitioned from a more formal to informal method of written communication, however, it has still maintain its primary purpose. Ancient Egypt Hieroglyphics was one of the first writing systems to employ pictures. Hieroglyphics was derived from the Egyptian expression â€Å"god’s words.† First developed in Egypt around 3000 B.C., the system continued to be used for inscriptions on monuments, wall paintings, and religious texts until the A.D. 300s. (Wallenfels 160) Early inscriptions of this artistic writing form can be found in a group of seals bearing the names of early Egyptian kings, pyramid Texts, which consist of the funeral liturgy found in royal pyramids and autobiographies found inShow MoreRelatedNon Verbal Communication Modes Analysis Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagestowards behavioral analysis in social interaction, looking at the importance and practical application of non-verbal cues in enhancing speech. Introduction Non-verbal communication between persons refers to conveying and receiving messages/ideas via wordless means. It involves both the conscious and unconscious mechanism of encoding (generating information) and decoding (interpretation of received sensation info from previous experiences). The mode of conversation is particularly vital when people engageRead MoreJazz Music And Its Influence On The Music3105 Words   |  13 Pages Jazz music as we know it today has evolved since the early twentieth century. Its’ evolution is due to the influence of many different players who have added their own styles, interpretations and techniques. Two masters of Jazz who have been a big influence on the music are cornet and trumpet player, Louis Armstrong, and piano player, band leader and arranger, Duke Ellington. Each came from different socio-economic and geographical backgrounds, but both became masters of their trade, reached worldwideRead MoreHow Can Literature Be Used to Support and Develop Language and Literacy for Students in the Primary Years? Rationalise the Use of the Text (Chosen Literature) and Literature More Generally for Developing Language and3026 Words   |  13 Pagesreading, viewing and writing† (ACARA, 2012). These processes are symbiotic as learning in one process influences the others. The Australian Curriculum develops students’ knowledge of the English language and how it w orks, including its continual evolution. The curriculum also looks at how to use language effectively for speaking, reading, and writing and evaluating different texts using the correct spelling, grammar and punctuation. Literacy is the social and cultural uses of reading and writing.Read MoreFeminism During 19th Century American Short Stories4097 Words   |  17 PagesLate 19th Century American Short Stories Research Question: How is feminism revealed through the divergence of women’s roles in society and their own personal desires in the American short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper,† â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† â€Å"The Storm,† and â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills†? Introduction Literature changes as current events change and as the structure of society begins to shift. American feminist literature started to become prevalent during the Victorian era, or around the latter partRead MoreLiterature And Information Resources For Children And Young People3290 Words   |  14 Pagesthat you can’t wait to turn the page 5. Multi-levelled so that the book appeals to the adult and the child There are many picture books around today specifically aimed at the younger age group; 0-6 years (through the adult who buys them). Simple wordless board books that allow a young child to mouth and handle the book, concept books such as Mick Inkpen’s Opposites, Dick Bruna’s I Can Count and for an added twist Press Here by Hervà © Tullet. Pop-Up books and read aloud books that get eaten as in EricRead MoreThe Question of Ideology in Amitav Ghoshs the Hungry Tide5019 Words   |  21 Pagesideology as ‘a false consciousness,’ and many later Marxists consider it to be constituted largely by unconscious prepossessions that are illusory, in contrast to the ‘scientific’ (that is, Marxist) knowledge of the economic determinants, historical evolution, and present constitution of the social world. A farther claim is that, in the present era of capitalist economic organization that emerged during the eighteenth century, the reigning ideology incorporate s the interests of the dominant and exploitativeRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pages‘orthodoxy’ does not in the least strive to preserve what Mr. von Struve calls the ‘aesthetic integrity’ of Marx’s system. On the contrary, our underlying premise here is the belief that in Marx’s theory and method the true method by which to understand society and history has finally been discovered. This method is historical through and through. It is self-evident, therefore, that it must be constantly applied to itself, and this is one of the focal points of these essays. At the same time this entailsRead MoreCommunication- Is It an Art or a Science ? Let Us See...........7412 Words   |  30 Pagesas thoughts and messages, as contrasted with transportation, the transfer of goods and persons. The basic forms of communication are by signs (sight) and by sounds. The reduction of communication to writing was a fundamental step in the evolution of society for, in addition to being useful in situations where speech is not possible, writing permits the preservation of communications, or records, from the past. It marks the beginning of recorded history. Whereas the rise of book publishing andRead MoreBlue Man Case Study Essay10220 Words   |  41 Pages 810-108 Out of the 100 students in seventh grade, only 10 were new that year, including Chris and me. We naturally gravitated to each other because of that plus neither of us fit the profile of the typical Fieldstoner, from a wealthy, high society, business family with Ivy League pedigrees. Chris’ father was a teacher and Chris had attended an experimental elementary school within Teachers College at Columbia University. The school emphasized creative writing and scientific exploration, whichRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesWRITING: The term (à ©criture in French) is borrowed from the French critic and semiologist Roland Barthe (Writing Degree Zero, translated by A. Lavers, London, 1967), who uses it to indicate the presence of the interaction between an author and the society he writes in and for, and which is neither literary idiom nor literary style. Within any literary form there is a general choice of tone, of ethos . . . and there is precisely where the writer shows himself clearly as an individual because this is

Report on how to educate Gifted and Talented Children Free Essays

string(190) " It is thus typical that ‘doubly exceptional’ children, those with both high ability and special educational needs, are not taught at a level commensurate with their intellectual needs\." 1. Introduction to Gifted and Talented In order to understand how a teacher is to educate gifted and talented children it is necessary for them to comprehend exactly what is meant by ‘Gifted and Talented’. What is it that makes a gifted and talented child different from those around themIt is this question that is highly debated amongst educationalists and professionals alike. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on how to educate Gifted and Talented Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Robinson and Campbell (2010) suggest that ‘the education of students identified as gifted and talented, let alone the identification process itself, is highly controversial’ because they suggest that it ‘is seen as variously as elitist, divisive and educationally exclusive’(Robinson and Campbell: 2010: ix). They go on to say that ‘in addition to the theoretical arguments about the extent of heritability and measurement of ability, there are†¦.debates about the extent of giftedness in the population, and therefore the size of the group which education policy and practice should focus’ (Robinson and Campbell: 2010: 11) Ostensibly, there are two main official definitions of what makes a gifted and talented individual. Firstly, there is the Marland Report (1972) in the USA, which gives the following as definition: ‘Gifted and talented children are those identified by professionally qualified persons who by professionally qualified persons who, by virtue of outstanding abilities, are capable of high performance. These are children who require differential educational programs and/or services beyond those provided by the regular school program in order to realize their contribution to self and the society’ (Tunnicliffe: 2010: 17). Similarly, the English educational system regards giftedness in terms of potential (Tunnicliffe: 2010: 23). For many years now, the English education system has been using various educationalists’ views on what these multiple intelligences are and has based its education policies upon these concepts. One of the psychological bases that is utilized is derived from Howard Gardner’s ‘Multiple Intelligences’ theory. The theoretical basis for this theory was that rather than have one concept of intelligence as previously conceived, Gardner (1993) suggested: A more pluralistic notion of intelligence in order to account for individuals’ diverse abilities both to pursue various forms of knowledge and to create new ones†¦the theory of multiple intelligences suggests that individuals are capable of cognitive functioning in several relatively autonomous areas (Gardner: 2005: no page number given) This suggests that gifted and talented individuals differ from other children in the way that they take on the learning of various talents, abilities and types of knowledge both in the pursuit of being better at something as well as learning new things. It is suggested that this forms the basis of the concept of gifted and talented. 2. The Challenge for Teachers With regards to the teaching of gifted and talented individuals teachers and educationalists alike see it as a challenge to teach them for various reasons. One challenge is for teachers especially to differentiate between the concepts of ‘fixed’ and ‘fluid’ intelligence when teaching their students. Smith (2010) suggests that it is important to note this difference as well as to ascertain parents’ and the pupils’ own concept of what intelligence is. Knowing this difference would affect the ways in which teachers interact and educate individuals in their classroom. It would also inform and underpin any teaching strategies used as any resources utilized. Moreover, teachers need to know how to ascertain the gifted and talented element within their class. Once the teacher knows the gifted and talented element in their class it is essential that the teacher fulfills their needs also. For the teacher, this would mean maintaining an inclusive classroom that fits everybody’s needs. However, inclusive education within the classroom is only one option of many others which all have the goal of striving to meet the needs of the Gifted and Talented pupil. Moltzen (2005) maintains that there have essentially been: Three primary approaches: segregation, acceleration and inclusion. Many schools and teachers combine approaches. For example, those advocating for an inclusive approach would generally maintain that within this context, gifted and talented students should be permitted to work at an accelerated pace. Many supporters of segregation maintain that the gifted and talented should have exposure to more inclusive situations from time to time. Those arguing for the advanced placement of gifted and talented students will concede that this context may not be appropriate for every area of every accelerated student’s education (Smith: 2005: 42). These approaches, as Moltzen (2005) argues, are sometimes combined especially in secondary education. However, Moltzen (2005) purposefully argues for the inclusive classroom: As an effective primary environment for gifted and talented students. Frequently†¦.the inclusive or regular classroom is viewed as the default option: the option that is not really an option because it represents the status quo (Moltzen: 2005: 42) In other words, inclusion of students with special abilities within the classroom is seen as not really catering for whatever their needs are by some education experts. Their arguments seem to suggest that the inclusive classroom is ‘more restrictive for those with special abilities’ (Moltzen: 2005: 42) because they are not being used to their fullest extent. However, teaching professionals and educationalists alike both know that the way to get over the hurdle of restricting Gifted and Talented children is to differentiate lessons and activities either by outcome or by the level of the work set. In this way, teachers are in a position to engage everybody in the classroom across the whole spectrum of needs and abilities. It is important to note also that pupils who are gifted and talented in one subject area also have other SEN which hamper them in other departments and subjects. Autistic children and those with dyspraxia often have heightened abilities and inclinations in other areas. This phenomenon of double exceptionality can also have an impact upon how the school and the teacher approach the education of the individual child. Montgomery (2005) states that the difficulty is because: When remedial education is considered, the difficulties of highly able students often do not seem severe enough because their needs are masked. It is thus typical that ‘doubly exceptional’ children, those with both high ability and special educational needs, are not taught at a level commensurate with their intellectual needs. You read "Report on how to educate Gifted and Talented Children" in category "Essay examples" In some cases attention is directed only to the special need. The result is that many of those doubly exceptional children underfunction as the expectations of their teachers are set too low and the curriculum provision is intellectually inadequate (Smith: 2005: 179) In other words the needs of those with exceptional abilities as well as other SEN such as dyslexia often have their strengths and abilities overlooked because the focus is often upon their other needs related to their SEN. The question therefore remains as to how teachers can overcome this obstacle in making sure that those who are exceptionally talented and gifted are accommodated for without disengaging other members of the class. As well as this, it is essential for the teacher and the school in question to accommodate for the pupil’s other special educational needs as well as the giftedness of the individual. 3.Varied Teaching Methods Smith (2005) explains that an individual teacher’s teaching methods are often an indication of several factors. Smith (2005) suggests that: Teachers’ attitudes and dispositions towards the idea of inclusion are closely connected to their own teaching methods, which often reflect how they were taught as students and trained as teachers. Where teaching is very much underpinned by an age/stage approach, where curricula are rigidly prescribed for specific grade/year level text books form a large percentage of the curriculum content, teachers often find the idea of catering for individual differences an anathema†¦.An attitude that appears to pervade many schools and classrooms is that dedicated provision for the gifted and is discretionary rather than mandatory (Smith: 2005: 47). There are several issues here regarding this type of SEN provision which are both related to how the educational establishment approach the teaching of the gifted and talented. It has been said by some educational scholars that even though differentiated learning benefits everyone in the classroom it does not mean that gifted learners are benefitting from that kind of education. Heacox and Wormell (2010) maintains that: There is a misconception in some schools that if classroom teachers differentiate in general, the needs of gifted and academically talented students are automatically taken care of. It is true that gifted and talented students are being better served in differentiated classrooms†¦..However, there are significant differences between how we differentiate for all and how we need to differentiate for gifted learners (Heacox and Wormell: 2005: 136) It could be argued that the reason behind the difference between differentiation for all and the type of differentiation for gifted learners is the fact that even those who are gifted and talented have their own learning styles and other SEN as well. In turn, this makes them all unique so their education has to be just as unique and personalized as well 4. Suggestions for Gifted and Talented Extension Activities for Literacy To illustrate this fact it is necessary to make suggestions for activities which would include gifted and talented learners within the lesson. One way of developing this type of inclusion for the gifted and talented in particular and the class in general is to encourage them to take responsibility for their own learning. Bates and Munday (2006) suggest that highly talented pupils be encouraged to utilise metacognition (thinking about thinking) and self-evaluation. Bates and Munday (2006) state that doing so would encourage them to: Self evaluate and to monitor their own thinking in increasingly sophisticated ways. They need to be encouraged to do this; to see the importance of perseverance and of applying new skills creatively in different circumstances†¦.They (also) need to learn how to learn, and should be given every opportunity to experience a range of different strategies for thinking through and even around the obstacles to success, rather than achieving success effortlessly (Bates and Munday: 2005: 42). Such strategies of self-evaluation include such things as learning journals as well as concept/mind maps. In the case of a learning journal this gives the child learner to express what they learned that day as well as how the felt about. Concept/mind maps give them a way of quickly noting down and making sense of the information that they receive. Ishikawa Diagrams An alternative to mindmapping is the use of Ishikawa (or fishbone) diagrams. These are especially appropriate for secondary school but can also be used in primary schools in a simplified form Interactive Resources There are a number of interactive resources available online either free or for a nominal fee to the school. Amongst these resources is a site called Real Lives (available at www.educationalsimulations.com) which, as the website www.brightonline.gov.uk says, is deemed appropriate for those who are secondary school age but is also something that any gifted and talented pupil can use who are 8 and above. This is due to ‘the level of language involved and the interpretation of data’ (www.brightonline.gov.uk). As a lesson resource it can be easily assimilated into a KS2 lesson about different cultures for all abilities. Moreover, this can be used as an extension activity for those who are most able. Conclusion These are just examples as to how the gifted and talented can be catered for while still being in the same classroom as other children. It could be said that it becomes easier for the teacher once those who are gifted and talented are identified as such as the teacher can feel that they can engage them more. However, it has also been stated that teachers should be engaging their classes anyway through a variety of stimuli and teaching resources that they could use. Bibliography Bates, J and Munday, S, (2005), ‘Able, Gifted and Talented’, Continuum Publishing, London Brightonline.org.uk Available at www.brightonline.org.uk www.Educationalsimulations.com Gardner, H (1993), ‘Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences’, Basic Books, New York, USA Gardner, H (2005), ‘Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons’, Basic Books, New York USA Heacox, D (2010), ‘Making Differentiation a Habit: How to ensure success in academically diverse classrooms’, Free Spirit Publishing, Minneapolis MN, USA Moltzen, R (2005), ‘Can Inclusion Work for the Gifted and Talented?’, IN: Smith, C (2005), ‘Including the Gifted and Talented: Making Inclusion Work for more Gifted and Able Learners’ RoutledgeFalmer Press, London Montgomery, C (2005), ‘Improving Provision for the Gifted and Talented’, IN: Smith, C (ed.), (2005), ‘Including the Gifted and Talented: Making Inclusion work for more Gifted and Able Learners’, RoutledgeFalmer Press, London Robinson, W and Campbell, R (2010), ‘Effective Teaching in Gifted Education: Using a Whole School Approach, Taylor and Francis, London Smith, C, (2005), ‘Including the Gifted and Talented: Making inclusion work for more gifted and able learners’, RoutledgeFalmer Press, London Tunnicliffe, C, (2010), ‘Teaching able, gifted, and Talented Children: Strategies, Activities, and Resources, London How to cite Report on how to educate Gifted and Talented Children, Essay examples

Payment For Environmental Service

Question: Discuss about thePayment For Environmental Service. Answer: Introduction: Laos is a beautiful landlocked country situated in the southeastern part of Asia. It consists of mountain ranges and various rivers drain the land. This country is financially less stable and mainly depends upon the investments made by the foreign organizations. The dams supported by the international organizations are in their turn harming the natural environment of the Laos and affecting the livelihood of the local people. Hence a policy for payment for the environmental service is required to substantiate the losses faced by the local population and at the same time maintain the ecological balance (Nguyen and Tenhunen 2013). Nam Theun 2 Dam has adopted the policy of PES by World Bank and has attained success. The report would portray the importance of the policy, the planning as well as the how the policy will work. Importance of the PES: PES is a policy that helps to provide incentives to the landowners and other stakeholders whose properties are utilized by beneficiaries for various purposes. Local inhabitants of Laos are not financially stable. As a result, they depend on forest resources for the primary reason for their livelihood. The dams maintained by the foreign organizations under permission from the government are destroying the forests and its resources resulting in some associated disadvantages. Construction and maintenance of dams have led to deforestation of a huge number of trees. Degradation of forests has, in turn, resulted in disruption of the water cycle that has changed the rainfall records (Arriagada et al. 2012). Erosion has been another harmful effect resulted from deforestation. Thus, certain policies should be introduced about payment for service for managing the damages and to maintain a stable use and balance of environmental resources (Mayrand and Paquin 2016). This revenue would help in re-establishing the environment and would assist the local people to lead a better life financially and physically. Payment for Environmental Service: Making of a Policy While constructing the policy of the PES certain criteria like the resource stabilization and reviving the balance of the ecological structure have to be kept in mind. The policy should include the correct estimation of the incentives that should be provided to the provider of the service from the buyer (Mahanty, Suich and Tacconi 2016). The forest owners who have leased their lands to the foreign organization should demand the correct fund from the purchaser from which about 0.2 to 5% of the fund would be allotted for the resource reconstruction. The estimation should be apt and justified. For correct calculation, a model should be proposed. Professionals should work with the models and assign the right percentage of the fund to be received by the forest owners, the organization handling the resource construction work and the governmental associations (Wunder 2013). The next concern would involve the control of the misuse of the resources by the suppliers. The extent of their area, the list of activities allowed on the associated land and the overuse of the resources for the increase of their productivity should be controlled and restricted (Kroeger 2013). As a high amount of local inhabitants mainly live by agricultural activities, a certain portion of the profit and income should be assigned to them who could have otherwise used the land on lease for their livelihood. Moreover concerned should be raised about the cost of relocalisation of the poor people, who have been forced to move away from the land, by appointing a certain percentage to involve them in the power plant. A certain group of organization would be assigned with the task of reforestation activities and maintain a report of the revival of the atmospheric output after reforestation. Act should be passed for prevention of cutting of trees without further delay from the authority All the above mentioned proposals should be considered by the governing authority and should be given the designations of laws. These policies should be discussed thoroughly among the governing officials, and the pros and cons should be judged. The laws should be quickly assigned to prevent further degradation of the flora, and complete results are to be ascertained. Process of Working the ESP: Once the entire policy of the Environmental Service Payment gets a green flag by the governing medium after a detailed discussion, implementation of the laws and ethics should be immediately undertaken. The first step would include proper learning of the suppliers and the local inhabitants of the area. Once they get to know about the importance of the exploited resources, the policy makers will conclude the laws and the rules, every of the stakeholders has to follow (Nasi, Wunder and Campos 2016). The displaced local inhabitants would fix an appointment with the authority to claim the monetary aid that is proposed by the law. In the case of the supplier and beneficiary, a complete agreement should be prepared for the fractions of the financial splits that would take place between them (Muradian et al. 2013). They should revise the agreement and then only further planning would be executed. The act of protection of the flora will contain the appoint of an environmentalist team who wou ld govern the damages caused by the activities of the power plant and instruction of the steps to follow. Assessing the damage already caused, they would estimate the fund required for the recovery of the loosened soil and reforestation. This fund should include the manpower as well as the different other expenses associated with the project undertaken. They should also make an estimation of how to achieve the proper amount of funds from the stakeholders and proper duration required for the project. The incentives which would be provided to the suppliers or the forest land owners from the beneficiaries should be critically judged and decided so that neither the suppliers nor the portion reaching the environmentalists become disadvantageous (Leimona et al. 2015). All the pros and cons from every aspect of the laws and acts to be passed would require proper analysis, judgments and approvals from all the stakeholders. Strict punishment should be allotted against any offence for each la ws and proper monitoring should be provided. Conclusion: From assessing the various damages caused by the hydropower projects in Laos and the monetary crisis faced by the locals of Laos, one can certainly ascertain the importance of the introduction of the PES. Implementation of the PES is believed to be helpful for the people of Laos for they can expect a pretty good amount of income from the projects as well as maintain the beautiful picturesque nature of their country as well. References: Arriagada, R.A., Ferraro, P.J., Sills, E.O., Pattanayak, S.K. and Cordero-Sancho, S., 2012. Do payments for environmental services affect forest cover? A farm-level evaluation from Costa Rica.Land Economics,88(2), pp.382-399. Kroeger, T., 2013. The quest for the optimal payment for environmental services program: Ambition meets reality, with useful lessons.Forest policy and economics,37, pp.65-74. Leimona, B., van Noordwijk, M., de Groot, R. and Leemans, R., 2015. Fairly efficient, efficiently fair: Lessons from designing and testing payment schemes for ecosystem services in Asia.Ecosystem Services,12, pp.16-28. Mahanty, S., Suich, H. and Tacconi, L., 2013. Access and benefits in payments for environmental services and implications for REDD+: Lessons from seven PES schemes.Land Use Policy,31, pp.38-47. Mayrand, K. and Paquin, M., 2016. Payments for environmental services: a survey and assessment of current schemes. Muradian, R., Arsel, M., Pellegrini, L., Adaman, F., Aguilar, B., Agarwal, B., Corbera, E., Ezzine de Blas, D., Farley, J., Froger, G. and Garciaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Frapolli, E., 2013. Payments for ecosystem services and the fatal attraction of winà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ win solutions.Conservation letters,6(4), pp.274-279. Nasi, R., Wunder, S. and Campos, J.J., 2016. Forest ecosystem services: can they pay our way out of deforestation?. Nguyen, T.T. and Tenhunen, J., 2013. Linking regional land use and payments for forest hydrological services: A case study of Hoa Binh Reservoir in Vietnam.Land Use Policy,33, pp.130-140.